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Lesson
Time needed to deal with rights-of-way. Projects such as this one need to allow sufficient time to assess and address the issues in acquiring right-of-way. The project’s compensation and resettlement problems could have been resolved more quickly if those affected had been made better aware of the property valuation process and the impact the project would have on them. The project could have established a mechanism to deal with disputes, and local government institutions could have been engaged to help resolve them.

Project Number: 36018-013
Project Name: Electricity Market and Transmission Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lesson.

Project Number: 38276-013, 38276-023
Project Name: Financial Market Regulation and Intermediation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lesson.

Project Number: 36018-013
Project Name: Electricity Market and Transmission Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Program design should focus on mplementing reforms not only where commitment is strong, but where resources and external factors are adequate to ensure successful implementation. In the case of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a persistent and chronic shortage of funding initially compromised its ability to provide effective surveillance and supervision to the capital markets. Additional budget increases still appear necessary to bring Office of the Insurance Commission and SEC remuneration in line with the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, as mandated by Republic Act No.

Project Number: 38276-013, 38276-023
Project Name: Financial Market Regulation and Intermediation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
There should be strong and widespread political will. For example, the Capital Market Development Plan was initiated unilaterally by the Securities and Exchange Commission and clearly was not reflective of industry sentiment and therefore did not enjoy widespread support. In the case of the Office of the Insurance Commission, pressure from the industry to postpone higher required capitalization contributed to a change in the Insurance Commissioner and a reduction in political will in support of reform.

Project Number: 38276-013, 38276-023
Project Name: Financial Market Regulation and Intermediation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Programs and technical assistance should not depend on passage of law in countries where legislative processes are slow and cumbersome. In this case, reforms to the bank resolution process, such as the authorization of bridge banking powers for Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation, rely on the passage of legislation, and are still pending. The administrative increase in minimum capital requirements for the insurance subsector was embroiled in controversy and delay, but now appears to be required by law, but only following a 7-year delay.

Project Number: 38276-013, 38276-023
Project Name: Financial Market Regulation and Intermediation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
While it provides the benefit of flexibility (i.e., deferring subprograms wherein the program design cannot be fully defined at appraisal), care must be taken to maximize the achievement of critical objectives even if ongoing subprograms are canceled.

Project Number: 37752-013
Project Name: Power Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 30308-013
Project Name: Pasig River Environmental Management and Rehabilitation Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The external monitoring group may have to be on board early on the land acquisition and resettlement plan (LARP) implementation. This is to allow sufficient time for the group doing the electricity market to understand the project and the LARP. Due to the highly specialized task of external monitoring group, it is true that not many groups such as those in the academe or non-government organization have actual experience doing the task.

Project Number: 36018-013
Project Name: Electricity Market and Transmission Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
While the project as stated in the land acquisition and resettlement plan recognizes the importance of active participation of the different local stakeholders, the municipal, and barangay local government units (LGUs) have largely been credited only on organizing consultation meetings between Transco and the affected people. LGUs could have been likewise tapped as information disseminators and the ?first line of troubleshooters? in instances of grievance.

Project Number: 36018-013
Project Name: Electricity Market and Transmission Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The right-of-way issue should have been resolved earlier. Land acquisition by the government in the Philippines has been difficult causing delays. Although this was raised at the Board meeting considering the project, not enough attention was given to the potential problems until it was too late.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB could have done a more thorough test of the forecasts‘ sensitivity to changes in the basic variables, including tariff price elasticity, lower-than-expected economic growth, and higher gasoline prices. The fact that traffic volumes have been scarcely half those projected by technical consultants at appraisal has meant lower revenues and a less favorable FIRR. While it is understood that a range of projections were made and the lower ones were used, they nevertheless proved to be overly optimistic.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
A more independent regulatory body is needed to balance the interests of all stakeholders—the government, toll road operators, road users, communities, and business. TRB lacks a clear vision for the sector, and because of its human and financial resource limitations adopts a passive rather than proactive role. This could be achieved by transforming TRB through the appointment of an independent board with a clear majority of members and the chairperson coming from the private sector. Independent funding could be provided through a direct levy on toll fees and the toll road operators.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
At appraisal there should have been a design monitoring framework which would have identified the objectives and targets. The project was designed to enhance economic development of central and northern Luzon, but no clear or measurable objectives were set at the outset. While economic growth has occurred in this region—3.4% per annum overall—it is not possible to quantify the extent that rehabilitation of an already existing toll road has contributed.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date:
Lesson
Regulation of the toll road sector under TRB remains weak. TRB was established in 1977 to regulate expressways and toll rates while increasing private sector investment in infrastructure projects. It lacks capacity and resources relative to its mandate, however, and in practice only monitors operations, maintenance, and the adjustment of toll rates. TRB lacks independence, remaining under the control of the government. Its executive director is appointed by the president, and all but one member of its board are government officials.

Project Number: 33924-014
Project Name: North Luzon Expressway Rehabilitation and Expansion (Loan 7162/1769)
Report Date: