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Lesson
Complex projects are better designed and implemented if there is a clear government sector plan that is fully supported both at the national and provincial levels. This was demonstrated by the country's railway development plan and its financial allocations. The national government successfully reached out to a private bank for cofinancing, and the provincial governments had a strong buy-in through their smooth and timely implementation of the land acquisition and resettlement plan.

Project Number: 37487-013
Project Name: Zhengzhou–Xi'an Railway Project
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Lesson
Comprehensive and robust diagnostics providing the rationale for the selection of policy actions are important. Using the results of these diagnostics during consultations helps stakeholders gain appreciation of the reasons for introducing policy reforms and this aids in building consensus

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
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Lesson
Setting output indicators in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) that are the same or identical to policy actions confuses inputs with intended changes generated by policy actions. IED notes that this has been a standard practice for policy-based loans (PBLs) approved under previous ADB guidelines for preparing DMFs. However, going forward, specifying indicators that clearly measure the intended changes of policy actions would facilitate a better assessment of results.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Close consultation with stakeholders during project design and implementation is especially needed to address the difficulties commonly arising from finding appropriate sites for solid waste and medical waste management facilities in urban projects. Due to lack of land and higher costs of construction than estimated at appraisal, it was not possible to construct the integrated waste treatment facilities, slaughterhouses, and medical waste management facilities planned under this program. These components were eventually dropped.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
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Lesson
Overall project success depends to a large extent on the successful implementation of risk mitigation measures carefully identified at appraisal. Weak institutional arrangements and lack of ownership saddled the implementation of this program. A lack of capacity and coordination among different agencies compounded the difficulties. The difficulties could have been minimized or avoided through the timely implementation of risk mitigation measures drawn at appraisal. The measures should be based on a thorough assessment of all potential risks throughout the project period.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Sector risks need to be carefully assessed prior to making an investment decision in a new sector. Bangladesh’s Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) has faced challenges because of its portfolio concentration in renewable energy. While it has taken steps to move away from such concentration of risks, it still needs to further diversify its loan portfolio. Currently, IDCOL is focusing on power sector public-private partnership (PPP) projects.

Project Number: 42180-016
Project Name: Third Public-Private Infrastructure Development Facility
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Lesson
Establishing a skilled and effective lake basin authority was a long and arduous process. Converting the Chao Lake Management Authority (CLMA) from a sound concept to a skilled, effective lake basin planning and management organization evolved over time, and actions taken under the project helped the CLMA to establish its authority from scratch.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
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Lesson
ADB's COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option (CPRO) modality was effective. The CPRO program established a model for ADB to channel timely support to developing member countries to address major health and economic challenges. The speed of delivery, efficient implementation, and strong development impact achieved validate the success of this model, which can be deployed to further assist countries in their economic recovery.

Project Number: 54180-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Including ADB financial management staff in project implementation teams will facilitate compliance to ADB financial reporting requirements. the first two annual audited project financial statements was delayed in the absence of complete information. ADB’s financial management staff should have been part of the project implementation team from the inception stage to review and monitor project financial performance and provide timely advice.

Project Number: 45084-002
Project Name: Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The One ADB approach is effective in delivering in timely crisis response. A contributing factor to the timely delivery of COVID-19 assistance and support is the One ADB approach in program processing, especially the strong role of the resident mission. With all the relevant departments working as contributors and partners, this approach broke down barriers and improved communications, resulting in faster turnaround and higher-quality outputs. The resident mission played a critical role in the preparation of the program, policy dialogue, and the eventual implementation of the program.

Project Number: 54180-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Optimizing project scope and benefits requires careful analysis of the local context at design stage. Improved roads and market infrastructure resulted in more connected and vibrant rural communities and markets. This has brought moderate increases in household incomes in market catchment areas, but the project did not lead to an increase in agricultural production. The income effects also varied depending on the location and composition of livelihoods.

Project Number: 45084-002
Project Name: Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
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Lesson
Close and sustained engagement with the government and development is essential to the success of crisis response programs. This program’s design and implementation benefited from the strength of ADB’s close engagement with the government. ADB’s continuous policy dialogues with the government contributed to the government’s response strategy and development financing plan. The resulting close alignment also promoted ADB’s rapid processing, impactful design, and smooth implementation of the program.

Project Number: 54180-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Spreading a project across a wide geographic areas creates additional coordination and administrative difficulties. The project had a wide coverage in southern Bangladesh where several subprojects were distributed across 12 districts, adding coordination and administrative burden to implementing agencies. The project could have selected fewer districts to reduce the implementation burden.

Project Number: 45084-002
Project Name: Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Maintaining economic growth and protecting the vulnerable in crisis situations demand timely intervention and sizable stimulus package. The success of the government countercyclical program in maintaining economic growth and protecting vulnerable populations validated the effectiveness of the government’s approach.

Project Number: 54180-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Given a project area with a high proportion of ethnic minorities, active engagement of targeted beneficiaries in design and planning helps in providing incentives for them to take part in the project activities. Hui minority was involved during the preparatory and implementation stages of the project, which helped them to have better access to improved irrigation systems and up-to-date farming techniques.

Project Number: 44035-014
Project Name: Ningxia Irrigated Agriculture and Water Conservation Demonstration Project
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