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Lesson
Data collection, which took longer than anticipated under the CARES program, need to be expedited in future emergency responses. Data collection challenges experienced under CARES included (i) competing priorities, (ii) need to cover many different agencies, and (iii) need to collect data remotely. In some cases, the same dataset was collected from multiple sources and agencies, necessitating cross checking and verification and requiring considerable time and resources.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Projections about the impact of road projects should be realistic and adequately consider the accessibility of the roads to be built to communities. The impact statement in the design and monitoring framework about increased access to markets, jobs, and social services in the 4 project provinces should have been restricted to the 10 districts along the project roads, as the project roads could not generate impacts in farther areas. Performance Indicators and targets should also consider data availability and baselines that proved to be limited in at least one of the project provinces.

Project Number: 43309-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An integrated approach to sustainable recovery is necessary to enhance the development impact of the CARES program. While the CPRO’s primary purpose was to deliver emergency assistance to support the government’s pandemic response, it also supported overall measures to keep the government on track in pursuing structural reforms that would enable a sustainable recovery from the pandemic. Such measures cohere around an integrated approach to meet Cambodia’s medium- and long-term recovery needs, including an improved investment environment and sound fiscal governance.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Projections about the impact of road projects should be realistic and adequately consider the accessibility of the roads to be built to communities. The impact statement in the design and monitoring framework about increased access to markets, jobs, and social services in the 4 project provinces should have been restricted to the 10 districts along the project roads, as the project roads could not generate impacts in farther areas. Performance Indicators and targets should also consider data availability and baselines that proved to be limited in at least one of the project provinces.

Project Number: 43309-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A government-led program with coordinated support from development partners, is effective in enabling a rapid, timely, and highly relevant emergency response to pandemics. ADB’s COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support (CARES) program proved efficacious in channeling support for the Cambodian government to address the adverse social, health, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Projections about the impact of road projects should be realistic and adequately consider the accessibility of the roads to be built to communities. The impact statement in the design and monitoring framework about increased access to markets, jobs, and social services in the 4 project provinces should have been restricted to the 10 districts along the project roads, as the project roads could not generate impacts in farther areas. Performance Indicators and targets should also consider data availability and baselines that proved to be limited in at least one of the project provinces.

Project Number: 43309-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The country engagement framework (CEF) worked effectively for the CARES program and may be used for continued engagement and dialogue with the government on post-CARES follow-on work. Dialogue with key stakeholders from the private sector and civil society played an invaluable role in: (i) providing government with firsthand accounts of the challenges faced by the sectors from the evolving conditions under the pandemic; and (ii) establishing a direct feedback loop to the government on how policies were translating on the ground. The dialogue was consistent with ADB’s CEF in Cambodia.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence was deficient by failing to properly assess the political risk. Political stability and support for the achievement of objectives at all levels were explicit in the assumption statements of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall development impact corresponds to the amount of effort put into both ensuring genuine ownership of objectives within the executing and implementing agencies and building capacity among the key stakeholders.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
High-level sector policy reform can be achieved with a well-designed sector development program, but that the importance of the wider domestic political economy surrounding the executing agency should not be neglected at design.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
GAP performance was not successful overall, in part because of ambitious target setting, the absence of regular monitoring, reporting, and assessment of GAP achievement during the midterm review, inadequate GAP orientation during inception, and insufficient sensitivity and understanding of GAP implementation by stakeholders.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB could not have continued to invest in water resources generally or irrigation especially, without major policy reforms to operationalize the provisions of the Water Law.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Improved clarity on which agencies would undertake specific tasks would enhance implementation. This is the case for Cambodia irrigation scheme information system, Stung Sen river basin planning, Technical Services Centre courses), as well as administration from both CARM and ADB HQ.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Determining the appropriate flexibility, in project design and institutional arrangements, facilitates smooth implementation of an emergency assistance project. For example, ascertaining the extent of flexibility on procurement procedures, including the use of consultants and financing guidelines for government agencies, are vital considerations in a post-disaster reconstruction project. This is important especially when multiple government ministries and implementing agencies are involved in the implementation of key infrastructure components.

Project Number: 46009-001
Project Name: Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project and Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
Leveraging the borrower and executing agencies’ capacities is critical for an effective response to post-emergency and disaster situation. Post-disaster recovery requires strong institutions developed through staff trainings on managerial, technical, and administrative aspects. Enhanced capacity of agencies is crucial to better manage financing and to maintain project outputs. Thus, strengthening their capacities on the ground needs to be built early on to help enhance their responsiveness during post-disaster recovery periods.

Project Number: 46009-001
Project Name: Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project and Additional Financing
Report Date: