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Lesson
It is imperative that the design and monitoring framework (DMF) include a well-designed and clear performance indicator to facilitate appropriate measurement of the project’s intended outcome. A well-formulated DMF and performance indicators need to be specific, measurable, achievable, and time-based to help strengthen project monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 43029-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Road Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely release of counterpart funds improves construction progress, as it eases the financial burden of the civil works contractors. This helps in ensuring that the required equipment, materials, and workers are provided on time.

Project Number: 43029-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Road Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The marginal financial viability of the project suggests the need for improved direct cost recovery over time. Tariffs under the project were estimated to average less than 1% of household incomes compared to an estimated 3%–5% in other regional countries, indicating the potential for affordable adjustments. Higher tariffs would not only improve the financial viability of such investments but also encourage private sector participation in the sector.

Project Number: 42011-013
Project Name: Wuhan Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Measurable targets in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) for projects that are expected to have a demonstration effect should be identified to track and measure the investment’s influence.

Project Number: 43054-013
Project Name: Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring the timely provision of counterpart funds reduces unnecessary implementation delays that could potentially lead to changes in project scope. Securing the financing and arrangements of counterpart funds at the outset avoids prolonged implementation of project activities. Specifically, adequate risk assessment of financing constraints and commitment of borrowers is essential for a more effective and smooth implementation.

Project Number: 42011-013
Project Name: Wuhan Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Immediately prior to project approval, a final assessment of the project environment can help identify potential changes or revisions affecting the implementation of subprojects and their components. While scope changes may be unavoidable, the challenge is to proactively identify areas of concern where project circumstances may have already substantially changed prior to implementation affecting coverage of subprojects or components. For example, the higher performance standards brought in after approval for the wastewater treatment plant impacted its financial sustainability.

Project Number: 43054-013
Project Name: Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Exploring the potential for private sector participation in the project helps improve project results further. For instance, during project design stage, the private sector’s role in the purchase and processing of the products is an alternative that could strengthen complementarities with the public goods provision. More attention to private sector participation could be looked into in similar future projects.

Project Number: 44035-014
Project Name: Ningxia Irrigated Agriculture and Water Conservation Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given a project area with a high proportion of ethnic minorities, active engagement of targeted beneficiaries in design and planning helps in providing incentives for them to take part in the project activities. Hui minority was involved during the preparatory and implementation stages of the project, which helped them to have better access to improved irrigation systems and up-to-date farming techniques.

Project Number: 44035-014
Project Name: Ningxia Irrigated Agriculture and Water Conservation Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely resolution of involuntary resettlement and land acquisition issues helps avoid delays in project implementation. Oftentimes, land acquisition issues encountered by the executing agencies impede the timely implementation of procurement and civil works. Ensuring the safeguards’ requirements on land acquisition and resettlement, prior to execution of project activities, could mitigate these related project risks due, for example, to potential grievances of affected people and communities

Project Number: 45506-002
Project Name: Gansu Jiuquan Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Planning for efficient resource use in advance adequately addresses the situation when the full output cannot be delivered

Project Number: 45506-002
Project Name: Gansu Jiuquan Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Engaging capable design institutes, backed by sufficient budget and time allocations, will result in better quality technical designs that in turn will facilitate construction progress, reduce the need for contract variations, and optimize construction costs. There were significant variations in some of this project's civil works contracts. These variations resulted mainly from poor quality of technical designs, with errors and omissions in the construction drawings.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Gender trainings are a must in ADB first-time projects. This was the first project funded by ADB in Chuxiong prefecture. As such, trainings on Gender equality and the project's Gender action (GAP) plan were needed to promote Gender awareness, develop understanding, and build capacities for GAP implementation. The trainings and overall design of GAP proved relevant and contributed to achieving overall project objectives.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Reducing or avoiding implementation delays would require, among others: (i) ensuring that project and/or subproject implementation is a high priority for local governments and counterpart funds are provided in government annual budgets, and (ii) starting resettlement activities as early as possible and providing adequate funds for these activities.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Repeated and progressive training and continuous practice are effective in promoting mastery and proficient use of the environmental and social management system (ESMS). The ESMS was a new concept for the executing and implementing agencies, and its implementation depended on the gradual accumulation of knowledge and experience from learning and practice. The financial intermediaries’ successful incorporation of the ESMS into their business was largely attributable to robust training and practice.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Making social and Gender action plan (SGAP) an integral part of the ESMS and consultants' deliverables would help ensure its implementation. Guidance and training on the SGAP were provided by ADB’s social development specialist and/or ADB’s social development staff consultant during the ADB review missions. SGAP implementation was made an integral part of the ESMS; in addition, it was included in the terms of reference of social development consultants for the project. Both measures ensured implementation as well as progress monitoring of the SGAP.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date: