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Lesson
During the surveys and preparation of road works design, more attention should be paid to the current and expected needs of pedestrians in road sections passing through villages.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The roles and responsibilities of road network development and management are unclear. Stronger government commitment is needed to develop the road sector.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An ADB review identified shortcomings on some road construction works and poor quality in engineer's cost estimates. These were caused mainly by inadequate designs or poor contractual works and materials. ADB needs to ensure strict compliance with contractors' contractual specifications. Contractors should be held accountable for poor contract performance or substandard materials before the defect liability period following the contract agreements.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sufficient contingency is needed to cover cost increases. For future projects, design-build contracting can ensure better engineering and mitigate the risk of price escalation.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
At appraisal, ADB overestimated Armenian Roads Directorate (ARD's) capability to procure consultant services for subproject preparation and construction supervision. For future projects, a more detailed capacity assessment of the executing and implementing agencies is needed during project processing.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Procurement reform. The government procurement policy of verifying price after finalizing a contract under ICB causes serious project implementation difficulties. This policy should be either discontinued or streamlined and made part of the bid evaluation process.

Project Number: 40049-013
Project Name: Rural Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Clear understanding of government and ADB policies, guidelines, and procedures. Lack of familiarity with and understanding of policies, guidelines, and procedures of the government and ADB�particularly on procurement, accounting, and financial reporting�is often a source of confusion and delays. It is important that project implementation unit (PIU) staff, especially new ones where staff turnover is high, be given adequate orientation and hands-on training. PIU budgets should contain allocations for staff training.

Project Number: 40049-013
Project Name: Rural Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of capacity of the executing agency. During project preparation a comprehensive assessment of the executing agency's procurement capacity should help identify possible challenges in project implementation. In case of weak capacity, technical assistance grants can help to strengthen procurement capacity, especially in projects where success is linked predominantly to fast- paced, transparent procurement involving international competitive bidding (ICB).

Project Number: 40049-013
Project Name: Rural Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Competitive selection of beneficiaries. The competitive approach used in the selection of beneficiary schools (i) proved effective in identifying schools with committed management and supportive communities; (ii) fostered a strong sense of ownership among the school's stakeholders: and (iii) encouraged a cooperative effort among the school board, school management, teachers, and parents in identifying priority needs and corresponding improvement programs.

Project Number: 40049-013
Project Name: Rural Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Social development. The project has contributed to regional sustainable socioeconomic development, poverty reduction, and community development in the project area.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Carbon revenue. The project was successfully registered as a clean development mechanism (CDM) project and was able to source significant amounts of revenue from the sale of carbon credits, thereby making it financially viable. This offers valuable lessons as a successful demonstration project for other clean energy developers in the region.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Counterpart financing. The project funds comprised international funds and domestic funds. For smooth project implementation, the timely availability of counterpart funds is a key issue. For the project, the actual ADB financing was $22.0 million and the counterpart funds mobilized from stockholders and local banks was $35.9 million, all of which was provided in a timely manner that ensured smooth project implementation and early project commissioning.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Procurement. Properly administered bidding processes were vital to obtaining cost- effective bid offers. Strict adherence to such processes, both in equipment procurement and onsite construction, facilitated savings on capital costs and ensured quality construction and equipment. The engagement of an experienced procurement agent proved to be a key factor in facilitating efficient procurement.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The external supervising mechanism was also effective and played an important role in improving the quality of the project. The selection and hiring of competent international and national consultants ensured that the quality standards required for the project were observed.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The successful construction of the project resulted from the strong government ownership and provides a valuable lesson on the importance of this factor in facilitating effective implementation and delivery of development results in ADB-financed projects. The Erlongshan Hydropower Company (EHC) always took the initiative in solving problems, including in the provision of design documents, timely delivery of equipment, approach to dealing with issues, and other areas. The owner's initiative guaranteed appropriate procedures and timely action on key tasks and when problems arose.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date: