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Lesson
Thorough analysis of beneficiary preference, demand, and willingness to pay has to be conducted to ensure that preconceived notions of demand are verified, validated, and confirmed on the ground from the beneficiaries themselves. Very often project proponents from central government agencies have a different concept of needs and priorities from those at the field or local level. Local involvement in project conceptualization ensures greater project success, as there would be better ownership of project components and more accurate identification of needs of intended beneficiaries.

Project Number: 31243-013
Project Name: Integrated Development of Basic Urban Services in Provincial Towns Project
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Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34207-013
Project Name: Northwestern Rural Development Project
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Lesson
This validation also considers lessons that can be drawn from the project relating to the problems of establishing viable private sector institutions in a transition economy. For instance, RBAC and the MTP were intended to be self-sufficient by project end. In practice, their ability to charge fees or recover loans has been limited, and neither organization is likely to be sustainable without continuing support from the government. The WUAs likewise are only able to collect 20% to 30% of their fees.

Project Number: 30458-013
Project Name: Ak Altin Agricultural Development Project
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Lesson
There may be wider lessons that can be drawn about donor assistance that would effect major policy reforms in transition economies. While donors are keen to free up agriculture, and the government in principle agrees, it is nonetheless extremely cautious about reforms. The government continues to operate at its own pace, and is almost immune to international pressure. Thus, until a reform roadmap has been defined and fully endorsed by all stakeholders, including the upper levels of government, little is likely to be achieved.

Project Number: 30458-013
Project Name: Ak Altin Agricultural Development Project
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Lesson
The difficulty of enacting legislation in support of a project activity and within the time frame of a project is often underestimated.

Project Number: 30215-013
Project Name: Forest Resources Management Sector Project
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Lesson
Social development. The project has contributed to regional sustainable socioeconomic development, poverty reduction, and community development in the project area.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
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Lesson
Carbon revenue. The project was successfully registered as a clean development mechanism (CDM) project and was able to source significant amounts of revenue from the sale of carbon credits, thereby making it financially viable. This offers valuable lessons as a successful demonstration project for other clean energy developers in the region.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Counterpart financing. The project funds comprised international funds and domestic funds. For smooth project implementation, the timely availability of counterpart funds is a key issue. For the project, the actual ADB financing was $22.0 million and the counterpart funds mobilized from stockholders and local banks was $35.9 million, all of which was provided in a timely manner that ensured smooth project implementation and early project commissioning.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
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Lesson
Procurement. Properly administered bidding processes were vital to obtaining cost- effective bid offers. Strict adherence to such processes, both in equipment procurement and onsite construction, facilitated savings on capital costs and ensured quality construction and equipment. The engagement of an experienced procurement agent proved to be a key factor in facilitating efficient procurement.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The external supervising mechanism was also effective and played an important role in improving the quality of the project. The selection and hiring of competent international and national consultants ensured that the quality standards required for the project were observed.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The successful construction of the project resulted from the strong government ownership and provides a valuable lesson on the importance of this factor in facilitating effective implementation and delivery of development results in ADB-financed projects. The Erlongshan Hydropower Company (EHC) always took the initiative in solving problems, including in the provision of design documents, timely delivery of equipment, approach to dealing with issues, and other areas. The owner's initiative guaranteed appropriate procedures and timely action on key tasks and when problems arose.

Project Number: 39652-023
Project Name: Gansu Heihe Rural Hydropower Development Investment Program: Erlongshan Hydropower Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring quality in complex reform oriented projects: The consultants under the loan were hired through QCBS. The staff costs in the bids were inadequate for quality staff. This hiring process allowed weak firms to bid low and win the bids, without fully appreciating the tasks ahead. The request for proposal for complex sector loans should either be quality-based or include a bid rejection option in case of underbidding in QCBS.

Project Number: 37003-013
Project Name: Rawalpindi Environmental Improvement
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Lesson
Provision of optimal environment for change: The project design included community and private sector participation in the delivery of urban services, supported by some concrete small-scale activities. However, the project did not provide clear direction and adequate resources to deliver these activities (para. 46). Flexibility is important in the design of complex loans, but for this flexibility to be used effectively, additional capacity, a guiding framework, and resources should be included in the sector loan, with supporting technical assistance to guide the use of the resources.

Project Number: 37003-013
Project Name: Rawalpindi Environmental Improvement
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Lesson
Addressing the fundamentals reforms upfront: Major governance issues of autonomy and incentives to perform, which plagued the key implementing agencies that were the urban service providers, were only captured piecemeal in the policy framework. This allowed these issues that were fundamental for the success of the project to be addressed (or not be addressed) during project implementation. The design also allowed major investment subprojects to be implemented without addressing these fundamental issues.

Project Number: 37003-013
Project Name: Rawalpindi Environmental Improvement
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Lesson
Inclusive implementation arrangements: The PPTA also identified and consulted key stakeholders, including private sector developers, DHA, and the Cantonment Board�accepting their role in influencing project scope and cost. However, no formal agreement was signed with these stakeholders (para. 54). Formal arrangements with key stakeholders on the scope and cost- sharing arrangement should be part of the design and planning stage, to avoid delays and confusion at the project implementation stage.

Project Number: 37003-013
Project Name: Rawalpindi Environmental Improvement
Report Date: