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Lesson
More robust due diligence is needed during project design and formulation to enable the closest possible cost estimates and to set aside enough resources to cover contingencies. This can result in considerable time savings. The values of the works contracts were significantly higher than originally estimated. Further, the amounts had to be increased during implementation because of an unprecedented increase in material costs, besides the extra earthwork needed.

Project Number: 38236-022
Project Name: Dushanbe - Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project, Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
A properly designed project can minimize the risk of changes in quantities and scope during implementation and can contribute to timely completion within budget. For this project, the geological nature and conditions were complex and fragile and no detailed study was carried out at appraisal. This caused several changes in the estimation of earthwork needed during implementation and made detailed geological studies in the middle of the process necessary. The entire project design and financing plans were affected.

Project Number: 38236-022
Project Name: Dushanbe - Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project, Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
The traffic forecast at appraisal was optimistic regarding the first few years after project completion, particularly for freight traffic. Traffic increase assumptions should be carefully reviewed in future projects.

Project Number: 36432-013
Project Name: Dali-Lijiang Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The costs of construction materials were underestimated. The price for some construction materials, such as cement, steel, stone, and sand increased substantially during project construction. Although there was a price escalation clause in the contracts, price negotiations and contract variations and approval of the variations took considerable time and caused delay in the financial closure of the project.

Project Number: 36432-013
Project Name: Dali-Lijiang Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There has been a continuing process of adaptation of the project to the latest construction and operation technology and more environmentally friendly solutions. This has demonstrated that such innovation and reform can improve cost effectiveness, efficiency, safety, and sustainability.

Project Number: 36432-013
Project Name: Dali-Lijiang Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Having sufficient consultation and participation with stakeholders helps to promote ownership and responsibility. During implementation, a great number of consultation meetings were conducted on the design, construction, safeguards, job opportunities, ethnic minority culture protection, gender, and social mpacts. These included hundreds of participants including representatives of local governments, nongovernment organizations, potential customers, ethnic minority groups, and women's federations at town, county, and city levels.

Project Number: 36432-013
Project Name: Dali-Lijiang Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Roadside stations were introduced to promote community development along the local roads covered by the project by linking the roads with local community activities. However, in the current institutional arrangement, the Gansu Provincial Transportation Department (GPTD) does not have enough resources, including staff and funds, to operate the roadside stations. This brings their sustainability into question.

Project Number: 33470-013
Project Name: Gansu Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
If possible, pavement layers should be constructed after one year or more of settlement of earthwork, depending on the type of treatment of collapsible losses.

Project Number: 33469-013
Project Name: Ningxia Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For projects that encounter collapsible loess, sufficient budget should be allocated to design of foundation treatment and its construction, which is much more economical than to remedy deformation of road when inappropriately treated loess settles at a later stage.

Project Number: 33469-013
Project Name: Ningxia Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Careful and adequate analysis of properties of collapsible loess at project site is necessary, because different types of collapsible loess behave differently while some treatment methods are more effective than others for certain types of loess.

Project Number: 33469-013
Project Name: Ningxia Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In a project of this nature, where there are serious security risks, and a potential for contractors' or consultants' suspension of works, or expected contract variations due to type of terrain, prompt decision making becomes critically important. This can be achieved through exceptional involvement of donors. ADB provided enhanced supervision both from headquarters and Afghanistan Resident Mission (AFRM). Staff were closely involved in identifying and promptly resolving issues.

Project Number: 39467-013
Project Name: North-South Corridor Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In future projects, both the government and donors should prepare realistic project schedules by carefully taking into account (a) the security situation and the time and resources required to carry out remedial actions for the safety of project teams throughout the projects; (b) actual construction period available in a year considering the altitude of the project areas and inclement weather conditions; (c) probability of rebidding due to lack of interest, competition, or exorbitant costs (beyond acceptable limits) offered by some interested bidders; (d) delays in contractor mobilization;

Project Number: 39467-013
Project Name: North-South Corridor Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Scrutiny of contractors and consultants before their selection is critical to the success of any project. In particular, in projects like this, which draw minimum interest because of security hazards, lack of oversight may jeopardize project implementation. Therefore, in Afghanistan, specifically in projects like this, such risks may be averted by giving more emphasis to quality and the performance record of both the consultants and the contractors, and not just the lowest price.

Project Number: 39467-013
Project Name: North-South Corridor Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adverse security issues and project start-up delays are two main factors that have adversely affected and delayed almost all previous projects in Afghanistan, except those where these issues were carefully handled in advance. Furthermore, insufficient surveys during project processing, and major changes in the technical design parameters during project implementation, can also cause serious implementation delays and significant cost overrun. The project suffered security issues until the situation was fixed with the help of additional security arrangements.

Project Number: 39467-013
Project Name: North-South Corridor Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project experienced start-up delays, because the contractor mobilized slowly and was unable to tie up with suitable local subcontractors. The contractor was also unfamiliar with conditions in the country at the start, which caused implementation delays. The subcontractors contributed significantly, and without them it would have been difficult for the contractor to successfully complete the project.

Project Number: 39176-033
Project Name: Road Network Development Program (Project 2)
Report Date: