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Lesson
In countries with capacity challenges, reforms take time as limited capacity results in implementation delays. This must be accounted for in design.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Where country systems are weak, program monitoring could benefit from TA (technical assistance), as in Tajikistan. The TA could focus on expenditure tracking mechanisms, internal controls, and external audits; and be conducted in two stages. In the first stage, when monitoring capacity is still weak, experts could be engaged to monitor program-supported expenditures rather than relying on the government to submit monitoring reports. The second stage would focus on improving country systems to help the transition of monitoring tasks from external experts to government staff.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In order to have a meaningful and more sustainable impact, policy reforms should focus on areas in which ADB has been engaged and remains involved over a longer time period.

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A program concentrating on a single area is much more likely to have a bigger impact than a program with several focuses

Project Number: 44061-012
Project Name: Strengthening Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The provisions of funds under a program loan will generally only have an immediate impact on the overall level of economic activity if a pipeline of projects is in place when the funding becomes available. This was not the case when the ERSP (economic recovery support program) subprogram 1 loan was disbursed, but the delay in capital project construction to ensure more sustainable and beneficial projects were implemented was desirable.

Project Number: 42503-013
Project Name: Economic Recovery Support Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for strong emphasis on establishing adequate O&M mechanisms to ensure sustainability of the built infrastructure. Lastly, more guidance is required from district administrations, consultants, and community facilitators to ensure that communities understand the importance of systematic maintenance.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective utilization of existing institutions avoided start-up problems and delays. This enabled the concerned agencies to immediately trigger implementation activities without waiting for a project management office to be set up. This was attributed to ADB’s own experience in implementing the previous PNPM Mandiri project.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring continuity of staff at the program directorate builds institutional memory and supports the successful implementation and sustainability of the reforms.

Project Number: 44453-014
Project Name: West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A program design of this nature should avoid numerous and complex policy actions, and focus on the core elements of the government's reform agenda. Policy actions must be prioritized thoroughly based on a clearly defined, time-bound roadmap. Policy-based programs should be supported by an accompanying TA to meet all targeted policy actions in a timely manner, and strengthen the government's capacity to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of the reforms.

Project Number: 44453-014
Project Name: West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The effective use of IT-based e-governance systems not only strengthens the government's capability and efficiency in tax administration, expenditure, and debt management, but also enhances the quality and accessibility of public service delivery at affordable costs to many different segments of society, including the poor. IT-based public sector reforms are also very effective at standardizing processes and preventing leakage, fraud, and corruption, and thereby improving accountability and governance at all levels of public administration.

Project Number: 44453-014
Project Name: West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy-based programs targeting fiscal consolidation should not sacrifice economic growth by insisting on rapid and drastic fiscal adjustment in the short-term. Instead, fiscal space must be created gradually through carefully sequenced and multifaceted reforms that promote a sustainable fiscal trajectory along with economic growth. To achieve this balanced approach, revenue collection should be augmented with more efficient tax administration and an expansion of tax base instead of tax rate increases, which might hinder economic growth.

Project Number: 44453-014
Project Name: West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The sustained commitment by the GOWB ensured that reforms transcended short-term political considerations. For a policy-based program to be successful, sufficient resources must be devoted to cultivate dialogue with all stakeholders and institutionalize ownership of reforms.

Project Number: 44453-014
Project Name: West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Financial crises may pressure a government to initiate policy reforms, and provide opportunities for development partners to introduce international best practices through policy-based loans. A key challenge in this context is to ensure that reforms introduced in response to emergency conditions are sustained in the post-crisis period. For the program, implementation of policy actions progressed as planned, and tranche 2 policy actions were achieved ahead of schedule, illustrating the broad political and institutional commitment to continued and sustainable reforms.

Project Number: 46371-001
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms are largely politically driven. The involvement and roles of government, stakeholders and politicians and the benefits to each party are important considerations in the design and implementation of policy-based loans. With a change in government in 2013, actions initiated under the program could have been altered, reversed or subject to delays or resistance. However, the program initiatives were fully endorsed by the new government, demonstrating that the program was well thought out and designed to transcend politics.

Project Number: 46371-001
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy-based loans can be successfully designed to provide an integrated approach to policy reforms by (a) leveraging constructive policy dialogue, (b) incorporating tailored policy interventions, and (c) ensuring implementation support and capacity development through TA

Project Number: 46371-001
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Program
Report Date: