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Lesson
A well planned and implemented capacity building program can significantly strengthen the institutional capacity of PMOs and benefit subsequent ADB urban projects in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, as this project has shown.

Project Number: 40643-013
Project Name: Xinjiang Urban Transport and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project implementation consultant was mobilized nearly two years after loan effectiveness because of the long recruitment process, which resulted in a lack of assistance to the PMO and delayed submission of required reports at the beginning of implementation. Early consulting firm engagement should be done by PMOs in the future.

Project Number: 40643-013
Project Name: Xinjiang Urban Transport and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project management office (PMO) serves a critical coordinating function in executing projects that involve several implementing agencies. The PMO's strong leadership proved crucial for efficient project implementation.

Project Number: 40643-013
Project Name: Xinjiang Urban Transport and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The Project's financial charges during implementation (FCDI) were significantly over-estimated because the floating London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) dropped after the 2008 financial crisis and remained low through implementation. Prompt reallocation of the surplus for proper use can avoid loan proceeds cancellation.

Project Number: 40643-013
Project Name: Xinjiang Urban Transport and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Comprehensive reassessment of implementation issues and timely adjustment of project scope and loan proceeds allocation can prevent delays in implementation and optimize the use of ADB financing, as this project has done.

Project Number: 40643-013
Project Name: Xinjiang Urban Transport and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The capacity of national civil work contractors in technology and workmanship needs to be developed to ensure that the quality of civil works is on par with international standards. An environmental monitoring group (EMG) should be established in a timely manner with realistic mandates for monitoring environmental impact throughout project implementation, so that it can fulfill its responsibilities, including information sharing and coordination with the local authorities.

Project Number: 40007-013
Project Name: Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The salaries of project management unit (PMU) and project implementation unit (PIU) staff should be comparable with prevailing market rates to prevent high turnover.

Project Number: 40007-013
Project Name: Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project should not engage individual national consultants for construction supervision if there are many project sites due to limited capacity, unless mitigation measure are adopted. Significant inflation affected contracts. However, the contract amount was not adjusted due to the absence of price adjustment provisions in the contract documents, even in cases where the contract period was extended beyond 18 months. Price adjustments should be considered for contracts of less than 18 months when high inflation is likely to occur.

Project Number: 40007-013
Project Name: Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Initial implementation delays were mainly attributed to delays in: (i) government approval of subproject feasibility studies, and (ii) the engagement of consultants, suppliers, and contractors. These delays could be minimized if government approval procedures involving various ministries are streamlined and approval authority, at least for smaller contracts, is further delegated to the executing agency.

Project Number: 40007-013
Project Name: Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project should take fully into account the condition of the power supply, which is critical for water supply services in the country. The availability of water supply relies exclusively on an uninterrupted power supply.

Project Number: 40007-013
Project Name: Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project leadership. The project had two nuclei for management-PCU and Project Management Unit (PMU). Although this arrangement was a risk-mitigating measure since LLDF had no project experience, future projects should have only one project director responsible for the project (e.g., PCU under the Ministry of Local Government and Provincial Councils or MLGPC was responsible for the overall project, and leadership was under the PMU director).

Project Number: 35201-013
Project Name: Local Government Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Requirement for financial intermediary transformation. For the Local Loans and Development Fund's (LLDF) professional operation, the project established systems, such as loan management software and operational manuals. However, the organization requires a full-time, qualified head to further drive its growth and sustainable expansion. The current part-time status of the chief executive officer will make it difficult for the organization to thrive.

Project Number: 35201-013
Project Name: Local Government Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Standardization. Since the project packages were numerous and relatively small, documents and processes should have been standardized as much as possible for efficiency and quality. For example, project-specific bidding document templates, as well as standard terms of references for all project committees, could have been drafted by the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) and approved by ADB at an earlier stage. Standard documents, reports, and monitoring forms to be used by the Subproject Coordination Units (SPCUs) were introduced on 20 June 2008.

Project Number: 35201-013
Project Name: Local Government Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate support to local authorities. At the outset, it was clear a more robust support system to local authorities for design and supervision was required. Advisors at the provincial council level supported local authorities intermittently, but additional support for preparing feasibility studies, cost estimates, engineering designs, and bidding documents was required for smooth implementation. The project rectified this gap reallocating for additional design and supervision consultant (DSC) consultancy packages and increasing existing consultants' inputs.

Project Number: 35201-013
Project Name: Local Government Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For robust safeguards compliance monitoring, formats with specific monitoring parameters should be included in contracts. Information, education, and communication campaigns are required throughout project implementation, to address people's concerns expediently.

Project Number: 32254-023, 32254-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply and Environmental Improvement in Madhya Pradesh Project
Report Date: