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Lesson
Ensure that the investment will be sustained. Fundamental change to education systems is complex and does not happen quickly. When an entirely new system is being created, as it was under the DEMP, it is critical that a commitment for sustained investment is made. Neither the government nor ADB had any interest in a follow-on project. Even a 1-year extension to allow enrolments to continue their upward trend at the end of the project was viewed unfavorably. Innovation and reform require more long-term commitment to be successful.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure adequate ADB support for project implementation. By definition, the knowledge, skills, and experience needed to guide and embed innovative change are likely to be scarce in both the borrowing countries and in ADB. It is evident that additional time and resources are required to support implementation, which did not happen in the case of the DEMP.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Require expanded risk matrixes for all innovative projects. Considerable time, effort, and emphasis must be placed on the development and monitoring of the risk matrix for innovative projects. This applies particularly to risk identification and potential risk mitigation strategies. A range of alternative strategies should be developed in detail for every identified risk. The risk matrix and mitigation strategies for innovative projects should be discussed extensively by ADB and the government to ensure a common understanding and commitment.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Allocate significant resources for preparation of innovative projects. For innovative projects, significant resources are needed up front. This can include resources for assessing the feasibility of, and demand for, the project objectives and approaches for achieving them, as well as to lay the groundwork for ensuring their acceptability among different interest groups. Resistance to the innovations proposed cannot be overcome at the same time as project implementation is proceeding. The same applies to demand for the project outputs and outcomes.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure projects have a clear and achievable focus. Apart from its innovative nature, the DEMP was also very broad, with the project inputs spread very thinly. The project included the construction of a national broadband network; mobilization of non-traditional partners including private institutions; capacity building and institution strengthening within the OUSL; development of online courses, which is notoriously difficult and slow; and implementation of these courses with the expectation of rapid, high enrolments.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DSPP entity undertook non-operational decisions relating to the company name and accounting practices without gaining the required approvals from the lenders before implementing the decisions. While these matters have been satisfactorily explained subsequently, they raise concerns for lenders seeking to confirm that the project entity is being managed in accordance with the requirements of the loan documents; significant time is expended to work through these issues as they are discovered.

Project Number: 45915-014
Project Name: Dahanu Solar Power Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The hedging policy approved at appraisal did not reflect the foreign exchange hedging instruments available in the local market. When exchange rates deteriorated, the hedging policy and the required sponsor support needed to be renegotiated. It is fairly usual to have rolling foreign exchange hedging requirements, rather than the life-of-loan program that was originally documented, and better investigation of the likely options that would be available to the project could have reduced the work required to adapt to the situation as it arose.

Project Number: 45915-014
Project Name: Dahanu Solar Power Project
Report Date:
Lesson
RPL is a strong company with extensive resources, enabling it to quickly identify appropriate technology, supervise quality construction, and be a good corporate partner within the communities it serves. To meet the requirements of CERC’s tariff regulations, RPL needed to develop and construct a project in a short period of time that would withstand the local climate conditions. The project’s performance above expectations is due to RPL’s decisions about technology, design, and construction quality.

Project Number: 45915-014
Project Name: Dahanu Solar Power Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB’s long-term focus on energy sector development in India has supported all aspects of the improving energy situation in the country. Work done by ADB has contributed to policy changes, new infrastructure, and increased private sector participation in the delivery of electricity to end-users. Established knowledge of the local situation, and particular focus on renewable energy enabled ADB to respond quickly to the policy changes supporting solar power and provide timely support to an important client to deliver the first utility-scale solar PV plant in India.

Project Number: 45915-014
Project Name: Dahanu Solar Power Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-designed program, strong working relationships with regulatory agencies, adequately funded additional TA grant, and properly sequenced policy actions are important factors for success, all of which were shown in CMDP II.

Project Number: 43477-013
Project Name: Second Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
To appropriately assess the progress and outcome of the project, project design must incorporate the measurable benefits to beneficiaries at the outcome level, and in general, baselines must be established for all targets.

Project Number: 30286-013
Project Name: Central Region Small and Medium Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delays in recruiting consultants resulted in delays of subsequent activities (detailed design, resettlement planning, environmental management planning, and preparing bidding documents). Despite the start-up delays, the project achieved the targeted outputs, demonstrating that the executing agencies at the provincial level have the capacity for project implementation and the decentralized approach to project preparation and implementation is appropriate.

Project Number: 30286-013
Project Name: Central Region Small and Medium Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program grant enabled the Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund (RERF) drawdown to be reduced in 2014 and expedited reforms. Ongoing actions under the post-program partnership framework can be combined into a multi-year matrix linked to ongoing budget support. The program also highlighted the importance of partnership (with government and other development partners) through creation of a joint policy matrix.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
The grant pre-conditions were an incentive for the government to reform state owned enterprise (SOE) governance and operation and improve management of government revenue, expenditure, assets, and liabilities. An ongoing ADB technical assistance (TA) was timely in supporting SOE reforms that preceded and continued after grant release.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical assistance is usually expected in order to assist the borrower and theexecuting agency to achieve the program’s policy requirements. On the other hand, having theleverage of a relatively large amount of grant or loan funding can often provide an incentive forgovernments to institute policy measures on a timely basis when they might otherwise bedelayed or avoided due to internal resistance or inertia.

Project Number: 46371-001
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Program
Report Date: