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Lesson
As a key area of development for ADB, climate adaptation infrastructure for flood protection and bank erosion protection need to be effectively disseminated. Structural solutions demonstrated to be effective by the project included (i) riverbank protection works with innovative technologies and prosiltation measures; (ii) upgrade of flood embankments; and (iii) construction of sluice gates and one pumping station to improve drainage.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Integrated flood and riverbank erosion risk management (FRERM) programs are highly replicable. For example, the structural (geotextile bags, high embankments), and non-structural (community-based) approaches were replicated in Kaziranga in the Golaghat district even while the program was still ongoing.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Community involvement was substantial during project implementation and proved to be crucial in integrative flood and river erosion management. Advocacy and capacity development of community stakeholders enabled them to understand the complex flood risk management Cultural norms regarding women's roles in society were carefully navigated.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthening the livelihood base of vulnerable communities in newly protected flood plains is imperative. The approach improved community relations and executing agency. Future grants could better support the participation of marginalized people through in-kind support and/or a participation allowance.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Project costing at design stage should realiably estimate the costs of all civil and other engineering costs and provide allowance for foreign currency fluctuations. The actual cost of one irrigation scheme turned out some $10 million greater than estimated at approval. This resulted in significant revision to the subproject design. The revision also incorporated the appreciation in special drawing rights against the US dollar and the domestic and international inflation that pushed down the real value of project resources.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation is difficult if the capacities of consultants and executing agency staff fail to match the skill sets required for detailed design and construction of planned works. This issue contributed to the need for contract extension of the national consultants. The project also engaged three individual consultants (hydrologist, hydraulic specialist, and database specialist) to support the newly established Department of Hydrology and River Works and National Flood Forecasting Center.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective gender mainstreaming in infrastructure projects may be helped by the inclusion of community-based activities that foster women's participation. In this case, community-based disaster risk management and flexible training schedules proved effective.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Executing agency capacity to undertake large and complex irrigation projects can easily be overestimated, and relatively minor issues can delay both startup and/or effectiveness and implementation. In this case, overall implementation was made considerably more complex by the major civil works redesign which impacted procurement and safeguards requirements. Delays in recruiting consultants and getting the Ministry of Economy and Finance to agree to including price revisions in consultants' contract delayed loan effectiveness, in turn startup and implementation.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Without a comprehensive and robust design and monitoring framework (DMF) and without undertaking the necessary updates, the level of project achievements against targets cannot be ascertained. In this project, the scale and character of planned physical works in one scheme were substantially altered during implementation, but the impact of this change on project effectiveness cannot be properly captured by the indicators in the DMF. Similarly, without conducting baseline and impact assessments, the economic viability of project investments cannot be reliably established.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Delays in procuring and installing modest but critical hardware and equipment (e.g., for modern irrigation management practices) can affect the effectiveness and efficiency of a otherwise highly successful project.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Failure to identify and provide the necessary human resources can affect the implementaton of well-prepared projects. This was shown in how the deficit in operation and maintenance specialists and national engineers in the project implementation team and the late recruitment of a gender specialist had caused implementation delays.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complete topographic data are necessary for the proper delineation of subprojects and the preparation of detailed engineering designs (DEDs). Despite the generally thorough preparation of the project, the absence of some basic topographic data made it difficult to properly delineate each subproject and to undertake DED of secondary and tertiary canals.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Creativity in implementing subprojects to minimize safeguards issues is critical in avoiding major delays. This was demonstrated in the redesign of irrigation canals and the installation of a box culvert in one of the project sites.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The establishment of one interagency project management unit promoted comprehension and commonality of objectives across agencies, and both facilitated and simplified various financial and administrative processes.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear design and monitoring framework (DMF) allows procurement and implementation documentation to be linked to performance monitoring, and for all the monitoring requirement to be reflected in a comprehensive project administration manual. This was one facet of the project DMF that made it effective in tracking progress and facilitating timely and success project implementation.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date: