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Lesson
Policy reforms should not be too numerous and should be well integrated into an overall project. Highest priority should be given to policy reforms (and covenants) that are necessary for project implementation or sustainability. A stakeholder analysis should be conducted for all proposed policy reforms, and a strategy developed for moving systematically to the desired policy reform reflected in the project's design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from the irregularities with civil works in Zavhan aimag are the need to (i) provide external monitoring of civil works in addition to regular monitoring by Ministry of Health (MOH) and various statutory inspection bodies (ADB has organized external monitoring for subsequent projects in the health sector), and (ii) strengthen the bid evaluation capacity of MOH (the weak capacity of some of the firms involved in irregularities could have been detected at an early stage).

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The relationship between Ministry of Health (MOH) and the project implementation unit needed to be discussed from the beginning of the project. This would have avoided the PIU isolating itself from MOH's decision-making process, as happened too often during the first 2 years of implementation. Decision-making procedures need to be clarified to involve MOH departments and higher authorities in decisions affecting bidding processes, consultant selection and outputs, policy matters, and resource allocation in the health sector.

Project Number: 31242-013
Project Name: Second Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was particularly effective in meeting the needs of the government. The project responded very effectively by repairing the damaged rural gravel roads and pedestrian bridges after the May 2003 floods. As requested by the government, the project also responded positively by changing its scope from gravel roads to paved surface roads. The responsiveness and flexibility demonstrated by the project was laudable, and the project provided a worthy example for the design and management of future projects.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Since the project had two implementing agencies supervised by different agencies, project coordination was difficult. A more suitable arrangement involving dual implementation agencies may be through a region-based apex financial institution, which is also assigned responsibility for establishment and operation of enterprise development service support activities and works closely with the regional organization responsible for sustaining the enabling environment.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Future projects need to address issues associated with the financial capacity of pradeshiya sabhas to develop and maintain rural infrastructure through closer monitoring, obtaining greater commitments from provincial and local organizations, and the use of soft loans for capital works tied to user-pay financial plans for civil works such as rural markets, where a financing charges mechanism already exists.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Future projects designed to address rural gravel road maintenance issues need to be more carefully designed through (i) identification of project roads during appraisal; (ii) identification of suitable gravel sources in proximity of the project roads; and (iii) prior commitment from each pradeshiya sabha to participate in the project, including prior establishment and commitment of funds to a road maintenance account.

Project Number: 31282-013
Project Name: Southern Province Rural Economic Advancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A multisector project requires a strong executing agency that can coordinate multiple implementing agencies. Major reforms also require strong leadership from the executing agency. The Administration of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic as the executing agency contributed enormously to the project's success despite the major regime change in the middle of project implementation.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
As the project proved, communities are powerful agents for designing and implementing projects that they themselves benefit from. Those community developed projects are likely to be sustainable.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementing a project in a new field, especially in a dynamically changing transition economy, requires flexibility on the part of both the government and ADB. Willingness to adjust the project's design to a new environment or new findings and acceptance of extra time required for the adjustments is essential. To be successful, the project must also be transparent to receive support from local governments and communities.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given that the idea of community-based preschools was innovative for the country, sufficient time should be given for a legal and regulatory framework to be established to adequately serve preschool educational services at the community level.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The text book rental scheme (TRS) can serve as one of the models on textbook provision for other countries in Central Asia given the efficiency and effectiveness by which it was implemented. Contributing to the successful implementation of this scheme is the government's commitment and the design's alignment to government's priorities. Resources were used efficiently to establish functional arrangements that ensured sustainability of funding and made available and affordable textbooks to students and teacher's guides to teachers.

Project Number: 36510-013
Project Name: Second Textbook Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Designing an improved and more relevant curriculum that focuses on competency-based learning objectives and promotes high cognitive skills requires further support and commitment from the Ministry of Public Education. Expected project outputs related to improvements in the curriculum were only partially achieved. Curriculum development was also assessed as less efficient in achieving outputs due to delays in fielding consultants and differences in perceptions of curriculum by national education developers and international consultants.

Project Number: 36510-013
Project Name: Second Textbook Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The teachers' guides could cost effectively support the timely roll out of student centered learning. Teachers' guides could be expanded to identify tools, provide additional referencing to learning materials for teachers, and promote greater use of school libraries. The student centered learning is one of the areas which educators in Uzbekistan need to discuss so that the government can move to a more efficient and cost-effective approach to provision of textbooks, workbooks and teachers' guides. [Main text, para. 45; Appendix 7, paras. 16-17]

Project Number: 36510-013
Project Name: Second Textbook Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Discussion and dialogue on language of instruction (LOI) for ethnic minorities remains a sensitive issue in most countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States. Any debate of change in LOIs should be widely discussed before implementation and aim at (i) improving ethnic minorities' chances to enter the best senior secondary and higher education institutions, and (ii) acquiring language skills necessary for better job opportunities while providing necessary support to maintain their identity. [Main text, paras. 8, 45]

Project Number: 36510-013
Project Name: Second Textbook Development Project
Report Date: