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Lesson
Continuous and consistent technical assistance (TA) is crucial to the successful implementation of reform programs and sustainability of the reform process. This program is built on the long-term engagement of ADB and development partners in Fiji. It therefore benefited from extensive TA in public sector management, reforms introduced through the previous PBL, and project investments in the water and energy sectors.

Project Number: 55116-001
Project Name: Sustainable and Resilient Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong government commitment and leadership is critical to the implementation of reforms. In this project, this enabled the successful implementation of policy actions and reforms agreed under the post-program partnership framework (P3F). The single-tranche, stand-alone modality combined with the P3F was useful in bridging a period of high uncertainty, continuing and building on reforms from the previous programmatic approach while providing flexibility to reflect the new government’s priorities in a follow-on medium-term reform program.

Project Number: 55116-001
Project Name: Sustainable and Resilient Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A combination of policy-based lending (PBL) and technical assistance (TA) engagement, based on ADB's differentiated approach in small island developing states (SIDS), can further enhance the impact of ADB assistance to public sector management in Fiji. The design of this reflected ADB's differentiated approach in SIDS, spreading reforms across complementary areas and government units while combining policy actions that introduce or advance policy and legal frameworks with those that support their implementation.

Project Number: 55116-001
Project Name: Sustainable and Resilient Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Political support, and ultimately political accountability, is an essential component of institutional reform. An early back-to-office report (September 2014) stated that the government appreciated the importance of promoting a better business environment in the context of the private sector’s contribution to growth in gross domestic product. The government set up a Consultative Council on Reduction of Business Inspecting Agencies, chaired by the First Deputy Prime Minister to monitor implementation progress. All policy actions were completed.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Multidimensional programs need to have a balance on types of indicators but should take care to ensure that progress in threshold indicators can be properly recognized in the design and monitoring framework (DMF). Only 9 of the 12 unique output indicators between subprograms 1 and 2 had been achieved or almost achieved. Of these 9 achieved output indicators, 7 were binary , i.e., they only take the value of achieved or not achieved. The output indicators not achieved had specific numerical targets that had not been met.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to properly phase implementation schedules to allow for deeper analysis of output and outcome progress and rectify indicators. All four outcome indicators were not achieved but progress was recorded against outcome indicators related to increases in private investment, internationally certified Tajik firms, and regulatory quality; and in the case of women entrepreneurs was particularly good if measured by electronic tax declarations. This suggests that targets were initially overambitious and/or that outcome indicators should be considered over a longer period.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Inclusion of gender targets in policy actions and DMF ensures the delivery of gender actions benefiting women.

Project Number: 41544-088, 41544-089, 41544-091
Project Name: Second Investment Climate Improvement Program (Subprograms 1–3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Reforms on tax burden and administration should be broad enough to significantly reduce the cost of tax compliance and eventually the size of the informal economy.

Project Number: 41544-088, 41544-089, 41544-091
Project Name: Second Investment Climate Improvement Program (Subprograms 1–3)
Report Date:
Lesson
The number of projects and subprojects to be implemented under any assistance package must consider the absorptive capacity of local contractors, availability of construction materials, and local labor. Close attention must be given to the quality of the facilities and infrastructures built. Utilizing local contractors and labor have their trade-offs, such as implementation delays and deficiency in financial resources, but the quality of the completed facilities is nonnegotiable. This would require closer supervision, frequent monitoring, and faster processing of payments.

Project Number: 44065-013
Project Name: Conflict-Affected Region Emergency Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is best to allocate available local resources and assistance, including loans based on sector priorities, through a participatory process involving all stakeholders and beneficiaries.

Project Number: 44065-013
Project Name: Conflict-Affected Region Emergency Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The approach to risk assessment and risk management should be consistent across programs. Risk assessments should include the individual risk and its risk level before mitigation, the mitigation strategies and resultant risk to each risk and to the overall risk after mitigation. The PCR template should also allow for discussion on risk to explicitly consider whether the risk mitigation strategies had been successful.

Project Number: 41380-013, 41380-023
Project Name: Governance in Justice Sector Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Recommendations need to be clear on what should be done, by which agency and if possible in what time frame, and should show whether the program managers agree or disagree. This allows for any follow-up to be well-targeted on where improvements should have been made. It also allows the public to determine the quality of the recommendation when the report is published on the ADB website. (iii) Where it is available, the use of country information such as audit reports (both internal audit and external audit) can provide an alternative perspective on the success of the program.

Project Number: 41380-013, 41380-023
Project Name: Governance in Justice Sector Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Decentralization improves local community and institutional ownership.

Project Number: 44065-013
Project Name: Conflict-Affected Region Emergency Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Engaging many local contractors in post-conflict rehabilitation rebuilds local capacities but can also lead to implementation delays.

Project Number: 44065-013
Project Name: Conflict-Affected Region Emergency Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB’s procurement and disbursement procedures are too complex for small entities.

Project Number: 44065-013
Project Name: Conflict-Affected Region Emergency Project
Report Date: