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Lesson
The use of technical assistance loans should be carefully deliberated to ensure strong and sustained government commitment at the design stage.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Some achievements are initial gains which need further deepening and sustaining. These include revenue mobilization; the financial management information system; budget integration, particularly integration and management ofpublic investment management and asset management; and budget transparency and performance accountability.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The lack of available data across government departments can be challenging especially during times of crisis. The government encountered difficulties in collecting sex-disaggregated data in some instances; making it difficult to understand how women and girls were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Disaggregation by employment and disability status was challenging as well. The sex-segregated data on testing capacity and incentive for health workers included in the completion report were proxies based on total beneficiaries and the male and female ratio among the healthcare work force.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to maintain some degree of flexibility to effectively respond to crisis situations. Perhaps the most important quality of Thailand’s CARES program was its ability to rapidly mobilize demand-driven support in a crisis; highlighting the importance in future crisis responses of maintaining some degree of flexibility in both program design and implementation. ADB was able to process and approve the program within 3 months of the government’s initial request for support. Events in Thailand necessitated loan signing to take place about 4 months after ADB approval.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Indicators and targets relying on surveys that may not be available at the time of measurement could benefit from the identification of alternative measures during program design. One of the outcome Indicators in the CARES design and monitoring framework is measured by the WHO only every 5 years and information about its most recent assessment is due for release in mid to late 2022; after the end of the CARES program. Uncertainties and disruptions created by emergencies need to be considered when designing Indicators to ensure that targets are achievable and realistic.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from impact assessments undertaken by the government need to be explored for possible replication or application in future crisis response operations. In addition to monitoring of program expenditures; the government conducted its own assessment of program results; such as the social impact of cash transfer programs on affected people.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The COVID-19 pandemic experience provided the government an opportunity to develop its approach to monitoring and reporting. During the loan period; ADB supported the executing agency in the quarterly monitoring of expenditures under the government’s emergency loans. This was appreciated by the government and because it provided the only English-language summary of government expenditure under the two emergency decrees, the quarterly monitoring was continued at government’s request even after loan closure.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Government’s effective and responsive implementation of the program and use of funds highlighted the importance of being able to adjust allocations as demanded by the crisis. The government successfully utilized its ADB countercyclical loan to support its relief and stimulus program under its two pandemic emergency decrees and funds (FY2020 and FY2021). In particular; the Cabinet responded rapidly to the successive waves of COVID-19; allocating and reallocating budgets to work plans and projects where they were most needed at any one time.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program has helped strengthen ADB’s role as a trusted partner and created a positive experience for the government to strengthen its relations with development partners. The loan provided international funds that have helped address the government’s objective to reduce borrowing in the domestic market and have helped ensure liquidity in Thailand’s private sector. The program’s accompanying technical assistance provided the government with value-added policy dialogue and technical assistance to help address the government’s knowledge needs as they evolved through the crisis.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what were achieved, rather than the process of how these were accomplished. For example, an endorsement or approval of a framework, manual, procedure, and others is not an adequate indicator to demonstrate that a policy reform was successfully accomplished, particularly in fragile and small island developing states.

Project Number: 50377-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome indicators that do not measure the achievement of outcomes and that are only indirectly linked to the desired outcomes weaken the attainment of objectives.

Project Number: 51059-001, 51059-002
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome objectives did not directly link to policy actions and to outputs and therefore were not attained. If the outcome objectives are not closely linked to outputs and are overly ambitious, it is difficult to achieve a satisfactory outcome.

Project Number: 51059-001, 51059-002
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The development partners coordination mechanism and the rolling policy reform matrix provided the government and its development partners a framework to formulate a reform agenda, and design and implement a series of policy actions. It can be expected that this framework will continue to be valuable in supporting the government’s efforts to improve economic management.

Project Number: 50377-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In fragile states such as Tuvalu, all phases of the project cycle are likely to require technical assistance (TA) support. The TA was a key support during both the formulation and implementation of the Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure Management Program. Tuvalu faces difficulties due to its size, its fragility, and its vulnerability to climate change and other natural disasters. The country will continue to require consistent TA support to overcome its capacity constraints if it is to achieveits vision for a more resilient economy.

Project Number: 50377-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An uncomplicated program design is a key factor in achieving reform in fragile states. In countries with low public sector capacity, a single-tranche policy-based program, with all policy actions achieved prior to an ADB Board presentation, is an effective means of achieving step-by-step reforms. In the Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure Management Program, the simplicity of design was a feature of the individual policy actions, which were generally self contained and within the capability of the government to implement.

Project Number: 50377-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date: