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Lesson
Articulate policies, strategy, and standards early. The local populations and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) started reconstruction work well before provincial and federal governments started articulating their responses. Expectations rose, and some facilities, especially in health, were built by bilateral donors to standards that were much higher than the capacity of the line agencies to maintain them. This resulted in inconsistencies, violations of policies and standards developed for reconstruction work, and unsustainable operation of completed facilities.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The executing agency needs to monitor the project more closely. Without timely monitoring and evaluation, an opportunity to demonstrate improved sector performance was missed. Early mobilization of consultants is necessary for effective implementation of the project. Consideration could be given to a short, results-based consulancy to assist the executing agency and project implementation unit (PIU) agree on the baseline, commence procurement, and clarify any implementation issues, as well as short- to medium-term consultancies to implement specific project components.

Project Number: 37698-013
Project Name: Information and Communications Technology in Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Clarify roles and respect existing mandates. Initial delays in implementation of the project were caused by confusion about the roles of new and existing institutions. Any large- scale reconstruction operation requires clear delineation of the mandates of levels of government, to provide the structure and clarity required for all stakeholders to work with maximum efficiency. To the extent possible, the provincial and regional governments and federal agencies should be provided with capacity to perform their mandated roles.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of the procurement capacity of the executing agency and ensuring development of adequate capacity of the PIU and executing agency would help implementation of the project and ensure efficient procurement and consultant engagement.

Project Number: 37698-013
Project Name: Information and Communications Technology in Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Stronger monitoring and support from zonal facilitators is essential for ensuring effective use of interventions made in quality of learning. Although the project developed several good training modules on Program for School Improvement, school-based assessment, teaching learning methodologies and teaching learning resource development and use, the effective use of these modules cannot be sustained unless supported in schools and classrooms by a committed zonal facilitator.

Project Number: 35192-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Modernization Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Investment in information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure requires additional resources and training to ensure that the facilities are adequately and appropriately utilized and maintained.

Project Number: 35192-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Modernization Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
A general lesson learnt is that the sustainability of initiatives beyond the lifetime of the project rests heavily on the level of reinforcement provided by the Ministry of Education (MOE), in the form of circulars, training, and regular follow up by provincial and zonal staff. For example, initiatives such as school-based assessment and Program for School Improvement, which were supported and reinforced by the MOE (e.g.

Project Number: 35192-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Modernization Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Substantial evidence demonstrates that community-driven development (CDD) approaches are more effective than other approaches to basic infrastructure development. Evidence also indicates that CDD is likely to offer better cost recovery and maintenance of completed infrastructure facilities and services because of the strong sense of ownership of the community members. In addition, CDD leads to better accountability. Transparency in decision making and procurement and increased use of audits have demonstrably reduced corruption and leakage of public funds.

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community facilitators must be qualified and committed, and enough time must be set aside for community empowerment activities, to ensure that community members are sufficiently involved in prioritizing their needs, developing investment proposals, and making decisions. [Main text, para. 65(ii)]

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Involving the beneficiaries at all stages of planning and implementation of upgrading activities and promoting inclusive community empowerment are critical in ensuring pro-poor investments and sustainability.

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely selection and training of project staff is essential for effective implementation. The delayed establishment and operationalization of the project implementation unit prevented activities from being properly sequenced during the first 2 years of project implementation.

Project Number: 33217-013
Project Name: Employment Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The experience of the project indicates the importance of systematic record keeping in addition to ongoing monitoring and evaluation. Although implementation was generally satisfactory, there was poor documentation and recording at the central and district levels of activities and updated data relating to project activities, output, and outcomes.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong construction supervision and monitoring systems are vital in education projects that emphasize civil works. The quality of school construction and furnishings was a continual concern during project implementation, stemming from inadequate monitoring and enforcement of quality standards. Lower secondary school construction relied on a community participation modality manual prepared by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, but there was no orientation or training for community members that enabled them to monitor the construction process.

Project Number: 34388-013
Project Name: Second Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The relevant stakeholders (i.e., various ministries, agencies, employers, training providers, youth, parents, schools, and communities) are often unaware of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and its various features and components, and continued efforts to bring them onboard must be made through interagency cooperation and coordination, workplace visits, and promotional campaigns in schools and communities.

Project Number: 33217-013
Project Name: Employment Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexible management by the government and ADB allowed a complex project to be implemented successfully in a rapidly changing environment. Good communication from the project management team, together with flexible support from ADB, allowed project implementation to adapt to the changing legal and administrative environment while retaining the basic project rationale and objectives. ADB project supervision would have been enhanced if there had been greater continuity of project officers.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date: