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Lesson
Changing internal guidance and expectations created additional pressure in designing ADB’s COVID-19 response programs and this has to be managed more effectively in future similar situations. At the time this program was prepared, ADB policy and guidelines on the COVID-19 pandemic response option (CPRO) were still being developed, and managing changing internal guidance and expectations added a significant amount of pressure.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Development partners are a great source of assistance in designing and implementing crisis response programs. The program design and implementation benefited greatly from the presence in Palau of the EconMAP team in situ in the Ministry of Finance (MOF), analyzing economic trends and providing regular advice, and the program team’s coordination with the International Monetary Fund and the Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre team in Fiji. Given thin capacity in MOF, such support has been invaluable.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexibility during implementation enhances program responsiveness. The government made timely adjustments to ensure complementarities between two major assistance programs at the time—the United States’ Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act 2020 that provided unemployment benefits to citizens of Palau and the country’s own Coronavirus Relief One-Stop Shop (CROSS) Act of 2020 that provide relief to the private sector. Funding from the CROSS components with lower uptake were reallocated to those with higher demand.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Coordinating or shared reporting and the use of government’s own systems would ease the burden of monitoring and reporting the implementation of crisis response programs. Developing a monitoring system that can be effectively implemented during a pandemic when there are competing demands on the time of staff, who are already stretched, is problematic. This is accentuated when other partners impose similar reporting requirements. Coordinated or shared reporting and reliance on government’s own internal systems would lessen this burden.

Project Number: 54245-001
Project Name: Health Expenditure and Livelihoods Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of government’s priorities. Involving the provincial and district levels and strengthening their capacity to identify and address the local needs reflected the government’s Sam Sang initiative, giving provinces and the districts more responsibilities and authorities. The reforms offered an opportunity to effectively apply the new policy, resulting in a strong government support for HSGP. ADB’s capacity-building activities at the provincial level in previous health projects provided useful experience to better target technical support at all levels.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Better data and information. A better use of more accurate data for planning and budgeting by newly trained personnel at the central, provincial, and district levels could have significantly improved allocative efficiency in the health sector, enabling better targeted policies and activities in operational and development plans.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Understanding and addressing the needs of all those involved in the sector. The health system requires two types of personnel: (i) health services providers; and (ii) administrative personnel responsible for planning, budgeting, resource allocation, and monitoring. Both need to be involved.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation arrangements ensured that the provincial health offices, as implementing agencies, were stakeholders of the reforms. Rather than simply following instructions from the center, the provinces were involved in the program, better understood the reform objectives, and supported the implementation of the HSRS.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Intersector coordination. ADB involvement in the financial sector facilitated dialogue with and support from the MOF and ensured better harmonization of the financial systems from different sectors. This support from one key sector, for instance, reinforced effectiveness of the reforms and is likely to enhance the sustainability of the program.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The design monitoring framework would have better tracked improvements in the quality of LSE in the target regions if it had measured the impact of the inputs, rather than only the inputs. For example, instead of counting the number of ethnic minority upper secondary education (USE) graduates who received a scholarship, the indicator could have measured the number who received scholarships and who returned to their own communities to work, which was the project's original intention.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Relevant project design. The project's target identification methodology was relevant and sophisticated. Prior to this project, ADB support to disadvantaged provinces covered all parts of 22 provinces (determined by the government), which was nearly a third of the country. In contrast, the targeted support of the project resulted in focused investment on the poorest groups.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Internal LSE subsector cooperation and coordination. Some project activities required close cooperation among stakeholders. For example, campaigns promoting the importance of LSE among disadvantaged communities in remote areas, where young children contribute to the family income through employment, required committed engagement by Ministry of Education and Training (MOET), Department of Education and Training (DOET), Bureau of Education and Training (BOET), teachers, and others, to ensure that LSE awareness campaigns reached their target audience.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity building for sustainability of project outcome and outputs. Project design strengthened the planning and management capacity of education planners and managers. This investment for the future is necessary to ensure sustainability of the project outcome and outputs over the longer term. In addition, one sub-output of the project introduced the concept of continuing professional development, to provide opportunities and support for teachers to systematically improve their knowledge and skills throughout their teaching careers.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Participatory approach to project design and implementation. Extensive consultation with and participation by key stakeholders from project formulation through implementation resulted in higher ownership of the project among stakeholders. It also led to realistic and implementable project design, and allowed for an effective response to challenges encountered by the LSE subsector. It also promoted good coordination and communication, which was necessary for a timely resolution of issues.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date: