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Lesson
A major reason for the delay in project start-up was the variance between the report and recomendations of the president (RRP) and the government's PC-1 planning document. Draft RRPs and PC-1s for a project should be shared between ADB and the borrower well before loan approval.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There was a 3-year gap between the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) evaluations (in the last quarter of 1999) and the start (effectiveness) of the project (in the last quarter of 2002). Most structural and financial management plans, base maps, and priority subprojects therefore had to be reappraised at the start of the project, further delaying the project and straining limited capacity. To keep evaluations and project designs relevant, the time between project preparation and start up should not exceed 1 year.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Weak government commitment. Given the political environment and the likelihood that a significant lack of consensus might be a daily reality on this project, the design should never have been so complex, with four different subcomponents, leading to a much larger MFF expectation. Perhaps a lesson here is that to achieve early and committed buy-in to required reforms and institutional shake-up, smaller and simpler components could be tested through a small scale or project preparatory TAs, which may lead to visible and larger MFF commitments.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project design was based on the assessment of seven sample TMAs and assumptions related to support for LGO 2001 from other sources to address capacity issues. The basis of the capacity assessment was seriously compromised during implementation. The project design did not have enough flexibility and depth to fill these capacity gaps, which would have required major changes in institutional arrangements and additional funding, a possibility that was avoided during implementation.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Counterpart funding and incentive issues in TA loans. Despite the challenges in project implementation, the project support unit (PSU) and local support unit (LSU) had utilized close to $4 million in counterpart funding, while ADB disbursed only 15% of the TA loan. As a result, the actual split between ADB and the government was 15:85, when the agreement was 70:30. Thus, a key lesson is that there should have been far greater oversight on the utilization of counterpart funds, as the ADB-financed expenditures and activities and overall progress of the TA loan lagged far behind.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for realistic assessments of governments' continued compliance with tranche conditions. The RFSDP experience also illustrates inherent incentive problems associated with the restructuring and commercialization of state banks.

Project Number: 36075-013, 36075-023
Project Name: Rural Finance Sector Development Program [Loans 1987-PAK and 1988-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
Sector development programs can be used to facilitate financial sector development through the complementary and mutually reinforcing use of program, TA and investment loan modalities. However, sustained political commitment is a key prerequisite for success.

Project Number: 36075-013, 36075-023
Project Name: Rural Finance Sector Development Program [Loans 1987-PAK and 1988-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project [Loan 1934-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
Labor- related regulatory and administrative reforms were included in the design but given the program loan focus on fiscal matters and reduction of recurrent costs, these measures were not achieved because these measures required increase in public expenditure and legislation.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A multisector community development project must be organic in nature (i.e., self- operating, which reduces the coordination demands on the executing agency, and the need for monitoring by ADB). This can only happen if (i) the design includes comparatively more tested and proven interventions and fewer new initiatives; and (ii) the interventions are limited in number and strategic in nature; and (iii) if an appropriate executing agency and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) are selected at the appraisal stage.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Links between labor rights and welfare, good governance practices, poverty reduction and the improvement of labor rights through loans by multilateral financing institutions is relatively under-researched, at least with respect to Pakistan. Yet, given the overarching focus of ADB on good governance and poverty reduction, it is critical that this be explored. Poverty reduction not only requires that income opportunities be created, but also that these opportunities constitute a means by which individuals and households can exit the absolute poverty cycle.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Multisector community development projects are generally complicated in nature and adding a labor rights protection agenda to these projects would complicate implementation.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects that are innovative in nature or complicated in design inherently involve delays and require intensive ADB supervision. The potential delays should be factored into the design. Community development projects require additional time and proper arrangements for community mobilization and social preparation processes. ADB experience with such projects, including the Sindh Rural Development Project, shows they generally experience delays of 2 years. The project period should not be less than 7 years.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sector loans lack the scope to address crosscutting themes and have mostly been successful due to established institutional linkages within given sectors. In contrast, the issue of labor rights is not confined to a sector, but is a crosscutting macro-level structural issue involving nationwide economic, sociopolitical, and legal reforms.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To avoid startup delays and politicization of the recruitment process, the most feasible mode of procurement of community mobilization services is single-source selection of one qualified NGO at the appraisal stage.

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project
Report Date: