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Lesson
The absence of a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway is a methodological weakness. The project completion report (PCR) did not explain why it did not conduct a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway. This validation notes that the RRP too did not conduct such evaluation.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence for future projects should include developing a thorough understanding of the institutional setup and internal review and approval procedures as well as mapping out effective mitigation measures to minimize delays. This project's implementation was affected by cumbersome approval mechanisms at the executing agency (EA) headquarters for contract variations and extensions. Frequent interventions by ADB and EA top management were required to expedite decision-making.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely and appropriate changes in scope and reallocation of loan and grant proceeds responding to actual project needs emerging from implementation can help utilize available loan and grant resources in a more targeted and efficient manner to facilitate more activities and deliver more outputs. For example, responding to the government’s request relating to E35 contributed directly to developing an efficient and safer transport corridor between Islamabad, Faisalabad, and Multan for more connectivity between the various parts of the country.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
If the project deals with a particular type of education institution (e.g., government-aided private schools), its representatives should bemore actively involved in designing and implementing the project.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
As school graduates compete for employment opportunities with students from other states in India, it is the comparative quality of education that determines their access to jobs and likely benefits from the project investments. Hence, focus on education quality should be a requisite in designing similar projects.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
In a federal–provincial type of country having multiple government structures, sectoral functions, and finances are intricately interwoven. Factoring such institutional arrangements fully while designing projects is critical and requires extra effort to ensure an effective coordination and coherence.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
At project appraisal, staff turnover in government agencies including project implementing units (PIUs) was identified as a risk. It could have been prudent for the resident mission to provide insight into mitigation measures based on experience in other ADB projects and those of other development partners, particularly in ensuring proper repository of project documents to facilitate the efficient transfer of project responsibilities to new PIU staff.

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Completion of project activities relied heavily on consultant inputs without coordination with specific departments in the executing and implementing agencies to enable capacity building and integration. Implementation arrangements during project design could have identified departments whose purpose aligned with the project initiatives to ensure sustainability upon project completion

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is prudent to consider providing project implementation support through a better-staffed consulting to mitigate existing capacity gaps in project agencies. At project appraisal, ADB identified the executing agency as having limited experience with ADB projects; yet it was made responsible for leading project performance tracking by the proect implementation unit (PIU), with the support of only two individual consultants for a short term. Changes in government exacerbated the lack of leadership and management capacity of the PIU.

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effectively engaging and coordinating with other donor agencies can help avoid duplication of funds for similar purposes and maximize the use of development financing. The project was designed in coordination with other development partners to ensure equitable geographical coverage, avoid overlaps, and complement other ADB assistance to the country.

Project Number: 42254-013
Project Name: Northern Road Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The concept of level 2 design introduced under the Road Project Preparatory Facility is an effective strategy, particularly when there is no guarantee that the designed roads will be constructed immediately after preparation. This strategy minimizes the risk of outdated designs while saving time and other resources.

Project Number: 42254-013
Project Name: Northern Road Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Actively engaging key government agencies can provide the much-needed oversight and intervention to facilitate the timely and effective resolution of design and implementation issues emerging from project implementation, especially those that ADB will have extremely limited control over. The borrower and executing agencies coordinated with security forces to grant consultants’ permission to enter army-controlled areas, ensure their security and safety, and arrange basic facilities for them. Such facilitation minimized delay in preparatory work.

Project Number: 42254-013
Project Name: Northern Road Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is a good practice to provide relevant macroeconomic data to highlight the significance of environmental improvements. In the case of this project, the generation of secondary macroeconomic data, at the very least, could have strengthened the preliminary assessment of the project’s development impact. In discussing impacts of climate mitigation project and the co-benefits of air pollution reduction, it would be worthwhile to link these up with macro data.

Project Number: 47051-002
Project Name: Chemical Industry Energy Efficiency and Emission Reduction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When a project provides substantial climate mitigation and environmental benefits, a project economist with strong background and experience in environmental valuation method can undertake the project economic analysis at appraisal. Usually, energy efficiency improvement projects have very low pay back periods and high economic internal rate of return. ADB should investigate the ways in which it can formalize the use of carbon prices in energy efficiency project economic analysis.

Project Number: 47051-002
Project Name: Chemical Industry Energy Efficiency and Emission Reduction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A proper evaluation and approval process during project implementation can reduce noncompliance issues during the safeguard assessment. Updates to safeguard documents need to be timely completed to avoid implementataio disruptions. For example, the government land considered during project design for the construction of a substation had to be changed to private land. However, the resettlement plan was not updated.

Project Number: 47101-003
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date: