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Lesson
Based on the experience from this TA, comprehensive contingency plans need to be in place to address potential disruptions or changes in future energy projects. These plans should account for geopolitical, economic, and environmental factors. Moreover, it is important to encourage diversification of energy sources to reduce reliance on a single resource. Exploring renewable energy options, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, to enhance the resilience of energy projects and prioritizing sustainability in all energy projects are particularly important in this regard.

Project Number: 44184-012
Project Name: Afghanistan and Turkmenistan: Regional Power Interconnection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The programmatic approach taken in the TA—including upstream policy reforms, midstream transaction advisory support, and downstream funding support—along with the One ADB collaboration model for energy transition, has been well-recognized and is being replicated in other developing member countries. This type of TA is instrumental in supporting the government during times of significant changes. The analytical studies in support of policy dialogues and reform measures have been critical in firming up ADB’s leading role in the sector and in leveraging reforms through investments.

Project Number: 52322-002
Project Name: Preparing Sustainable Energy Investment Projects
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Lesson
By advancing sector reforms, a facility TA, which involves multiple subprojects running concurrently within one framework, can address the risk of losing consistency or coherence among the subprojects. By setting a general policy priority and road map for sector development, the TA will be able to effectively bring its subprojects onto a common path/direction.

Project Number: 52322-002
Project Name: Preparing Sustainable Energy Investment Projects
Report Date:
Lesson
A flexible approach to respond to evolving priorities is important in maintaining the relevance of a policy-based loan (PBL) program. At the beginning of this program, further development in the oil and gas sector was a priority. However, during the 8-year program period, the government’s priority shifted to energy transition. Some of the policy actions in subprogram 3 were revised accordingly, in consultation with cofinancing partners, to reflect this development.

Project Number: 49043-001, 49043-002, 49043-003
Project Name: Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Apart from offering concessional interest rates,ADB and China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation (I&G) could explore providing enhanced value-added services for ongoing and future financial intermediation loan initiatives in air quality improvement or climate change programs. The global economic slowdown dampened enthusiasm for green investments, while the rise in euro interest rates and the reduction of yuan lending rates since 2022 presented additional challenges for green financing eligible subprojects within the greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.

Project Number: 50096-002
Project Name: Air Quality Improvement in the Greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region—China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation’s Green Financing Platform Project
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Lesson
The envisaged institutional arrangements for safeguards need to be fully functional from commencement to the closure of projects. This would allow the safeguards performance of projects to improve, as was the case with the environmental performance of this project which improved over time, with increased monitoring and coordination by the project staff.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program (Tranche 1)
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Lesson
A proper evaluation and approval process during project implementation can reduce noncompliance issues during the safeguard assessment. Updates to safeguard documents need to be timely completed to avoid implementataio disruptions. For example, the government land considered during project design for the construction of a substation had to be changed to private land. However, the resettlement plan was not updated.

Project Number: 47101-003
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
When a project provides substantial climate mitigation and environmental benefits, a project economist with strong background and experience in environmental valuation method can undertake the project economic analysis at appraisal. Usually, energy efficiency improvement projects have very low pay back periods and high economic internal rate of return. ADB should investigate the ways in which it can formalize the use of carbon prices in energy efficiency project economic analysis.

Project Number: 47051-002
Project Name: Chemical Industry Energy Efficiency and Emission Reduction Project
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Lesson
The selection of appropriate project financing modality (through feasible project design) in line with country capacities is a crucial factor in achieving complex project objectives and overall project success. Availability of financing that is time-bound, such as multitranche financing facilities or sector lending puts the onus on the counterpart government to ensure project readiness from its side.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development
Report Date:
Lesson
The process of obtaining forest and wildlife clearance approvals in India is lengthy and complex and this should be factored into the project implementation timelines both at the design stage and while processing the scope extension. The compliance risk can be mitigated through advanced action by the implementing agency in managing land acquisition, forest clearance, and resettlement issues. The compliance with safeguards requirements should be linked to commissioning as retrofitting after transmission assets become operational poses challenges.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
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Lesson
ADB may need to consider greater flexibility to allow an extension of the availability period of loans under the multitranche financing facility, where deemed appropriate. Because of various delays, the investment program's availability period was extended to 10 years and ended on 24 November 2020. Government requests to extend the availability beyond 2020 were declined by ADB.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
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Lesson
An alternative approach for the Completion of projects halted by the closure of the availability period of MFF-financed loans needs to be explored. This is especiallly important for projects with considerable stranded investments (e.g., stranded investments in the Ramazon HPP included $3 million for transmission line and $3 million for site Preparation). To continually implement the Ramazon HPP, the PNG Power Ltd.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
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Lesson
The results-based lending (RBL) modality provides flexibility to adjust targets adversely affected by unforessen adverse events such as COVID-19. During 2020–2022, the COVID-19 pandemic affected the demand for electricity, lowering the State Electricity Company's (PLN) revenues and creating uncertainty in its investment plans. Sourcing equity financing and implementing ongoing projects within PLN became difficult under such conditions and adjustments were needed in scope and time targets of ongoing works.

Project Number: 50016-001
Project Name: Sustainable Energy Access in Eastern Indonesia—Electricity Grid Development Program
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Lesson
A draft proposal on income restoration and rehabilitation programs need to be prepared along with the safeguard plans to avoid delays in safeguards implementation. In this project, contractors of four packages should have deployed fulltime environmental and occupational safety and health personnel to raise awareness and enforce the safeguard requirements for subcontractors and workers.

Project Number: 41074-013
Project Name: West Kalimantan Power Grid Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition to ensuring robust environmental assessment and management to avoid project delays and operational disruptions, it is imperative to plan for and link mitigation measures such as the installation of bird flight diverters to the commissioning of power lines and financial closure, rather than leaving such measures to be retrofitted after the power lines have become operational. Insufficient attention to forest clearance needs during project design and planning resulted in implementation delays. The quality of the environmental assessments fell short.

Project Number: 49214-002
Project Name: Solar Transmission Sector Project
Report Date: