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Lesson
Engaging an international firm with extensive experience proved to be the best option for this TA which focused on a complex and highly specialized topic. Nevertheless,there will always be an indispensable need for national perspectives and experiences, best provided by national consultants, to inform and be considered in TA analyses and recommendations. Future TA could benefit from increased engagement with local experts, either as individual consultants or as subcontracted members of international consulting firms or TA implementation teams.

Project Number: 53198-001
Project Name: Developing a Disaster Risk Transfer Facility in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Region
Report Date:
Lesson
Public sector management reform programs have the potential and can be designed to support the government in staying on the reform course despite challenges. A lack of fiscal buffers and effective social protection systems exacerbated the economy’s vulnerability to the COVID-19 pandemic.This program has successfully supported the government in hanging on to the reform process despite these challenges.

Project Number: 52225-001, 52225-002, 52225-003, 52225-004
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program (Subprograms 1, 2 and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Development partners, such as the World Bank, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs, and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), have been working alongside ADB in supporting the 4Ps program that has led the Department of Social Welfare and Development to request for joint review missions.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is imperative for SOEs to develop good corporate governance and maintain an arm's length relationship with government, regardless of whether it is a commercial or noncommercial SOE. Some of the policy actions under this program were designed to improve the government's performance of its SOE ownership function. However, in addition to these policy actions, it is imperative for SOEs to proactively promote good corporate governance and develop functional autonomy from the government.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Fiscal reform, pensions, and capital markets reforms are inextricably linked, because of the role each plays in economic development. Subprogram 2 supported the development and approval of the Capital Market Development Strategy, 2022–2028 by government decree, which includes a commitment to develop a green bond framework. This provides a strong basis from which to develop a broader integrated program to support not just fiscal resilience but also further capital market reforms in conjunction with the Finance Sector Office.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
A combination of policy-based lending (PBL) and technical assistance (TA) engagement, based on ADB's differentiated approach in small island developing states (SIDS), can further enhance the impact of ADB assistance to public sector management in Fiji. The design of this reflected ADB's differentiated approach in SIDS, spreading reforms across complementary areas and government units while combining policy actions that introduce or advance policy and legal frameworks with those that support their implementation.

Project Number: 55116-001
Project Name: Sustainable and Resilient Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuous and consistent technical assistance (TA) is crucial to the successful implementation of reform programs and sustainability of the reform process. This program is built on the long-term engagement of ADB and development partners in Fiji. It therefore benefited from extensive TA in public sector management, reforms introduced through the previous PBL, and project investments in the water and energy sectors.

Project Number: 55116-001
Project Name: Sustainable and Resilient Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Staffing and consultant resources for country engagement as well as technical assistance (TA) appear still limited relative to the number of countries and the program scope. ADB’s role in coordinating and systematically addressing DRM has been strengthened through the program. The attached TA has been playing a growing role in boosting ADB capacity (including for knowledge building and sharing), and the overlap and continuity of the new TA attached to the program’s fourth phase approved in 2023 is positive.

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Subsidiary regulations can have a significant impact. For example, in support of the Ease of Doing Business Act, the various joint memorandum circulars issued by government agencies had an immediate impact.

Project Number: 52173-001, 52173-003
Project Name: Local Governance Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program reaffirms the importance of ADB's long-term engagement in local governance reform. Its success can be attributed to policy actions in such areas as revenue generation, budget reform, and enhanced planning processes that were the emphasis of previous ADB programs. New policy reform areas such as Ease of Doing Business arose from dialogue with the government on new priorities.

Project Number: 52173-001, 52173-003
Project Name: Local Governance Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional and technical capacities to effectively implement PFM reforms remain weak, and absorptive capacities remain low. This can often be further compounded by frequent changes in leadership and staffing, which can cause further delays. ADB's continued engagement with the Ministry of Finance must be at all levels of the administration (management and operational levels) to strengthen the institutional and organizational capacity and reduce the impact of staff turnover on reform impact.

Project Number: 52146-001
Project Name: Strengthening Public Finance Management Program (Subprogram 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Given capacity constraints and experiences in legal drafting, legal and regulatory developments require a longer timeframe to be considered in ADB's future programs. The program could have further included a targeted capacity-building needs analysis and an associated TA project to directly address capacity constraints and deepen the capacity needed for full implementation.

Project Number: 52146-001
Project Name: Strengthening Public Finance Management Program (Subprogram 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Understanding the Private Sector Small Medium Enterprises (PSME) context is essential both at the design stage and during implementation. A detailed assessment of SME policy and institutional, political, and social context is required, with ADB engagement as part of a coordinated program of support by development partners for SME reform. As achieved under the PSME2, it is important that the supported policy actions focus on a limited number of sequenced, high-impact reforms that lead to development outcomes that are clearly defined and reflected in the DMF.

Project Number: 44057-012, 44057-013
Project Name: Second Private Sector and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Development Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Because of capacity constraints and experiences in legal drafting, legal and regulatory developments require a longer time which future ADB programs need to consider.

Project Number: 49041-001, 49041-002
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program, Subprogram 1
Report Date:
Lesson
At the methodology level, actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what was achieved, rather than the process of their accomplishment. Cabinet approval is an inadequate indicator to demonstrate the successful implementation of policy reform in Tonga.

Project Number: 52030-001
Project Name: Strengthening Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date: