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Lesson
It will be advisable to nominate alternate participants to training activities in the future. One of the TA’s capacity building activities created an opportunity for two representatives from Kazakhstan to participate in the road maintenance training organized by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. Unfortunately, only one of the nominees was able to participate because personal circumstances prevented the other nominee to travel. The unoptimal use of future opportunities may be prevented by naming alternate participants to future training activities.

Project Number: 54092-001
Project Name: Institutional Support to the National Quality Center for Road Assets
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Lesson
Knowledge sharing and capacity building through workshops facilitate better understanding of stakeholder capacity and capacity building needs.

Project Number: 54396-001
Project Name: Trans Sumatra Toll Road Risk Monitoring
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Lesson
Inadequate consideration of the project sites' topography and geological conditions in project feasibility studies and detailed engineering designs could lead to unexpected cost increases during implementation. There was a significant cost increase in land acquisition and resettlement due to changes in the project scope and additional land acquisition that needed to be undertaken because of the complex geological conditions in some sites resulting in increased civil works costs in some packages.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
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Lesson
Extensive upstreamCapacity development is required to address municipalities and contractors’ limited capacities and understanding of complex design, build, and operate (DBO) contracts. Those limitations delayed the procurement and implementation of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) contract under this project.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
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Lesson
Organizational interventions support and reinforce capacity building for institutional knowledge retention. For instance, organizational intervention, such as handover procedures and an operations manual developed as part of the DBO contract, combined with operation and maintenance staff training to ensure knowledge retention and sustained institutional strengthening in maintaining the operational standards for potable water supply prescribed by the Bhutan Drinking Water Quality Standard, 2016.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
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Lesson
The provision of technical assistance to support the project preparatory stage and capacity of the executing and implementing agencies enhances the quality of project administration. For example, building the capacity skill set of agencies on financial and procurement management prior to the onset of a project would benefit the timely execution of procurement activities and civil works. This helps in reducing any potential risk that could arise because of delayed start-up and/or implementation.

Project Number: 44240-014
Project Name: Thimphu Road Improvement Project
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Lesson
changes in the pavement composition to address climate change and overloading, constructability

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
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Lesson
Procurement usually takes extra time due to process-related issues that can be mitigated by (i) strengthening progress monitoring and quality assurance mechanisms during project preparatory work, including bid document Preparation; (ii) appointing dedicated committees and staff, including a technical evaluation committee for road projects, a procurement committee with enforced deadlines, and a staff in the project management unit to coordinate and manage procurement activities; and (iii) providingCapacity development training for the relevant committee.

Project Number: 47182-001
Project Name: Southern Road Connectivity Project
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Lesson
The success of ADB's comprehensive approach to urban transformation covering infrastructure, human resources, and environmentalCapacity development was highly appreciated by the counterpart municipal government, providing the basis for replication in other similar contexts.

Project Number: 46062-002
Project Name: Gansu Baiyin Integrated Urban Development Project
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Lesson
Road maintenance units, backed by adequate skilled personnel and instititutional support for upgraded modernized systems, are required to maximize the benefits from completed road projects. Rural road network maintenance units play a crucial role after the existing 5-year performance based maintenance contract is completed. They will have to prepare and implement state-specific road maintenance programs.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
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Lesson
Early and continuous involvement of financial staff and coordination with development partners are crucial to ensure aptly designed financial management arrangements. This is particularly true for multi-donor funded programs that require harmonization of financial management systems. As these were lacking in this project, significant financial management issues were experienced during implementation.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
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Lesson
Strong technical support and advice from ADB provides value addition to infrastructure projects, particularly for countries where institutional capacity is weak. Support includes the conduct of diagnostic work to assess the capacity of the sector and the institution and determine the risks and discuss the needed mitigation plan. The project was approved during the time when reorganization in the sector was underway. Thus, both the government and the ADB could have built on the momentum to fully take on its first multimodal transport investment.

Project Number: 41192-013
Project Name: Regional Logistics Development Project
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Lesson
Institutional strengthening and capacity development need to continue throughout the project. Capacity constraints continue to affect Maldives’ maritime development and management, including projects financed by development partners. The technical associated linked to this project provided significant recommendations based on in-depth analysis and developed toolkits and guidance for improving harbor management and operation. The related government agencies and Kulhudhuffushi City Council (KCC) should review the recommendations carefully and use the outputs.

Project Number: 36111-013
Project Name: Kulhudhuffushi Harbor Expansion Project
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Lesson
A more detailed assessment of design, sound sector road map/strategy, and other MFF preconditions will help identify the appropriateness of MFF financing and improve the quality of an MFF implementation.

Project Number: 41122-013, 41122-043
Project Name: Road Corridor Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Well-defined targets for design and monitoring (DMF) indicators along with formulation of appropriate indicators’ baseline year and target values per year strengthen project design. A statement of percentage growth does not allow for a proper measurement of achievement. For example, the project DMF stated that at least 90% of selected flood protection and irrigation structures reconstructed and made more resilient by 2018”. However, it did not state the baseline and target values of the corresponding indicators and were not measurable.

Project Number: 49038-001
Project Name: Flood Emergency Reconstruction and Resilience Project
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