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Lesson
Institutional capacity building for establishing an enabling environment. For IEM to be effective and successful, cooperating and collaborating institutions and sectors must be supported by IEM knowledge and skills for policy making, planning, legislation, and joint management of the environment and natural resources. Joint and effective management of environmental and natural resources requires improving the capacities of cooperating and collaborating with government institutions for combining top-down and bottom-up approaches.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The improvement of connectivity and access between rural and remote areas of the CHT, especially with the market centers, was crucial for development. The project directly and indirectly affected all aspects of rural life in the CHT. During the project completion review mission and earlier missions, villagers asked whether more livelihood projects would be provided in their area.

Project Number: 32467-013
Project Name: Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The consultants under the loan were hired through quality- and cost-based selectio (QCBS). The staff remuneration in the bids was inadequate for good-quality staff. The level of effort and the skill set specified in the request for proposal (RFP) also did not match the complexity of the assignment. Similar issues encumbered the RFP for the nongovernment organizations (NGOs), allowing generally weak firms to submit bids that could not fully appreciate the tasks ahead.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When designing and implementing rural infrastructure in remote areas with indigenous populations as potential workers and beneficiaries, there must be a careful review of local habits and customs to understand how these can accommodate the common modalities of civil contracting. The original project schedule was too optimistic and did not leave enough time for careful review and adjustment. In such a case, a component that does not suit the needs of a specific target population could leave that population unserved or bypassed.

Project Number: 32467-013
Project Name: Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported reforms only in the 24 participating tehsil municipal administrations (TMAs). The provincial government was expected to undertake reforms and address capacity gaps in all the other TMAs (52 in all). This arrangement seriously isolated the reform process. Sector loan projects should assess the political will, capacity, and incentives related to policy actions at all levels before building the support and incentives mechanism for reforms.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Selection of nongovernment agencies (NGOs) at appraisal would have ensured timely implementation of the project. Given the community mobilization as a prerequisite for all interventions, and the problem of political interference in selection of NGOs through competitive bidding, single-source selection at appraisal should be preferred.

Project Number: 29586-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Barani Area Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project schedule was unrealistic for a complex project that relied heavily on existing capacity and several up-front conditions before the subproject investments. The scheduling of complex sector and policy loan projects has to be improved and streamlined on the basis of actual implementation experience.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The unilateral withdrawal of a relatively large amount of cofinancing by Danida (around 50% of the total amount allocated for the rural access component) after project approval considerably delayed implementation and created difficulties in meeting project objectives and targets. The cofinancing was unfortunately a condition of loan effectiveness. The project was declared effective in October 2002, after the cofinancing condition was declared void.

Project Number: 32467-013
Project Name: Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Engaging local expertise to undertake the survey and design of works expedites implementation, reduces costs associated with engaging international and national consultants for the purpose, provides the government with continuing access to project-relevant expertise, and builds national capacity for future projects.

Project Number: 32494-023
Project Name: Agriculture Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delays in implementation ensue when components are clustered in a project. Further, clustering discourages ownership of project outputs. Combining harbor development with coastal conservation delayed project implementation considerably because the activities are not complementary.

Project Number: 31287-013
Project Name: Coastal Resource Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Importance of a database system and information-sharing mechanism. Clarification on the institutional role of each agency regarding IEM and land degradation control provides a clear basis for defining the type and level of data to be collected by each participating agency in the joint and collaborative management of environmental and natural resources. For information sharing to be effective and useful, the institutional value of data should be recognized and access to data should be made available for all government agencies in a timely and practical manner.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For the village flood protection component, local governments committed funding for constructing infrastructure and houses for poor people. However, their revenue fell with the abolition of taxes on agriculture. Local governments' capability to raise funds should have been carefully investigated, taking into account possible risks.

Project Number: 33165-013
Project Name: Yellow River Flood Management (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Before the project, microfinance was nearly absent in the rural areas of the CHT. The project introduced a relatively sustainable microfinance arrangement through local NGOs. Despite the existence of the other project providing grant assistance, the microfinance facilities under the ADB project are gradually expanding to meet demand in remote communities.

Project Number: 32467-013
Project Name: Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was initiated and prepared in 1999-2000, only 2 years after the signing of the Peace Accord, ending 25 years of insurgency and instability. Many high-risk incidents during project implementation could therefore be expected. The executing and implementing agencies had just been established, and their institutional capacity to implement projects was still being developed and strengthened.

Project Number: 32467-013
Project Name: Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project design offered flexibility in developing models for community and private sector participation in the delivery of urban services, without providing a clear framework or adequate resources for these activities. Flexibility is important in the design of sector loans, but for this flexibility to be effectively used, additional capacity, a guiding framework, and resources should be included in the sector loan, with supporting technical assistance for project administration to guide the use of the resources.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date: