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Lesson
Wider consultation with stakeholders is critical for preparing the project. The TA held consultations with two types of stakeholders: primary and secondary. The primary stakeholders were the initial stakeholders, such as displaced persons, public, and women who resided within or in the vicinity of the project areas. The public consultation comprised the local community and public.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
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Lesson
Engineering and non-engineering interventions require cohesive and integrated approaches; hence, long-term planning and consultative processes are required to ensure sustainable development.

Project Number: 47047-002
Project Name: Shandong Groundwater Protection Project
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Lesson
Strong commitment of executing and implementing agencies is instrumental to project success. The project target impact was fully aligned with the government’s high priority for sustainable socioeconomic development. The provincial and local governments listed this project under their priority project pipeline and practical projects for civilian affairs. The provincial and project county and city governments provided full support to the project (policy, technical, financial, institutional, social, environmental, etc.) from preparation through post-implementation.

Project Number: 47047-002
Project Name: Shandong Groundwater Protection Project
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Lesson
When functions and responsibilities are decentralized, policy dialogue with the concerned local authorities during project processing is just as important as dialogue at the central level.Although ULBs in Bangladesh depend on LGD, they enjoy some autonomy. The ULBs rapidly realized the benefit of better governance and financial management and these components were timely implemented. However, it took longer for the ULBs to appreciate the benefits of investments in sanitation and food safety funded by the project loan.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
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Lesson
In a project involving several ministries, the choice of the executing agency (or agencies) and the role of each ministry must be carefully assessed and discussed with the government and all concerned ministries.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
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Lesson
Frequent discussions with beneficiaries during project processing and implementation are a must to resolve issues promptly and amicably and avoid unnecessary delays. Under this project, some schools stopped construction, as the beneficiaries felt that the initial design was not appropriate.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
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Lesson
Strong ownership of the executing and implementing agencies is key to project success. Adequate consultation with the borrower during project conceptualization and design as well as regular communications during implementation are important to ensure that the executing and implementing agencies are purposively identified, and appropriate institutional arrangements are made to ensure effective and efficient project implementation.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
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Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure development would be more impactful if it can be combined with modern agricultural concepts, like climate smart agriculture, conservation farming, on-farm water use efficiency, and integrated water resource management to enhance the development effectiveness of the project. Collaborative efforts with agricultural agencies to simultaneously work on these aspects and better emphasis on crop diversification would have provided better development outcomes.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
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Lesson
In projects that aim to introduce new approaches and pilot programs, active participation, and dialogues with stakeholders at the design stage enhances project performance. Under the project, the design and implementation benefited from sufficient consultations with stakeholders. It promoted inclusiveness and bottom–up and community-based mechanisms for identifying the needs and decision-making process in the context of local conditions.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
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Lesson
Community management of irrigation systems has enhanced project sustainability and reduced the burden on the government to use tax money for system maintenance. The project design did not consider alternative ways of managing irrigation systems. There were some attempts to form water user associations in Tamil Nadu, but there was no attempt to promote this concept.

Project Number: 44429-013
Project Name: Climate Adaptation in Vennar Subbasin in Cauvery Delta Project
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Lesson
Overlooking coordination could lead to project delays. Interagency coordination. The project had a good coordination mechanism within the water resources sector. Interagency coordination is needed when implementing social and environmental safeguards; in removing electricity poles (electricity utilities); in cutting trees (forest departments); and in land allotment, resettlement housing sites, and cash compensation payments (district administrations).

Project Number: 44429-013
Project Name: Climate Adaptation in Vennar Subbasin in Cauvery Delta Project
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Lesson
Community and farmers' involvement in project implementation is crucial to integrative flood and land management. This was highlighted by this project's experience. Also, advocacy and capacity development among stakeholders at the village level enable them to understand the complex soil salinity and flood risk management processes.

Project Number: 44037-014
Project Name: Shaanxi Weinan Luyang Integrated Saline Land Management Project
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Lesson
Community involvement was substantial during project implementation and proved to be crucial in integrative flood and river erosion management. Advocacy and capacity development of community stakeholders enabled them to understand the complex flood risk management Cultural norms regarding women's roles in society were carefully navigated.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Close consultation with stakeholders during project design and implementation is especially needed to address the difficulties commonly arising from finding appropriate sites for solid waste and medical waste management facilities in urban projects. Due to lack of land and higher costs of construction than estimated at appraisal, it was not possible to construct the integrated waste treatment facilities, slaughterhouses, and medical waste management facilities planned under this program. These components were eventually dropped.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
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Lesson
Participation fosters strong beneficiary ownership of projects. This project encouraged the participation of local communities and other stakeholders from the planning stage and throughout implementation. This active participation enhanced project ownership by the beneficiaries. As revealed by the post completion survey, the project has retained this community support.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
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