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Lesson
Strong project design, including carefully thought-out subproject selection criteria and adequate financial assessments can help reduce the need for scope changes and mitigate the risk of implementation delays. At approval, this project included seven subprojects in five provinces. Four of the seven subprojects were dropped in 2016 and 2017 because of changes in the companies’ investment priorities, changes in management due to the equitization process, and/or insufficient financial capacity.

Project Number: 41456-043
Project Name: Water Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Land acquisition issues in PNG are more difficult to resolve than in other countries, as 97% of land is customarily owned. In this project, In this project, In this project, they were harder to contend with than expected at design stage due to changes in weather patterns that affected travel plans, with many of the sites located at sea. In a project as widely dispersed geographically as this one, more time will also have to be allowed for site access and community engagement activities.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Coherent support by all multilateral development banks, especially when being a first mover in a particular sector, is invaluable. The series of Power Sector Reform Roundtable co-organized by ADB, EBRD, and the World Bank starting in July 2019 provided a platform for this coordinated approach and later provided cofinancing opportunities for the organizers and other development partners.

Project Number: 52322-002
Project Name: Preparing Sustainable Energy Investment Projects
Report Date:
Lesson
A donor coordination platform is helpful in harmonizing reform initiatives and identifying cofinancing opportunities while tracking progress. The government’s donor coordination platform between ADB, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the World Bank played a critical role in harmonizing and developing directions, and in sharing different international experiences.

Project Number: 52322-002
Project Name: Preparing Sustainable Energy Investment Projects
Report Date:
Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The transition of PWWs into independent corporate entities requires adequate preparation to ensure they have the capacity, technical and financial management skills, and resources for viability and sustainability. To support this transition, the PMU adopted a phased and practical approach, implementing vital actions with training and technical support. The PWWs developed business planning and financial reporting systems and adopted supervisory control and data acquisition systems. The PMU has identified the first PWWs that are considered ready for the next step as a corporate entity.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Opportunities for advance procurement remain limited in Cambodia because financing is unavailable for detailed engineering designs in advance of loans. This limits the preparatory actions that could be undertaken to improve project readiness. Solutions such as a project design facility are being considered and may be possible from 2024 onwards.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In a federal–provincial type of country having multiple government structures, sectoral functions, and finances are intricately interwoven. Factoring such institutional arrangements fully while designing projects is critical and requires extra effort to ensure an effective coordination and coherence.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
Land acquisition procedures, processes, consultations, and reporting are complex in Viet Nam, not least because of the number of agencies involved. Therefore, more time, energy, and expertise need to be allocated to project land clearance and subsequent resettlement compensation.

Project Number: 46293-005
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear sector assessment and plan can strategically enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of sector investments. The sustained government plan of the Prime Minister’s Rural Road Program (PMGSY) provided a strong foundation for the sector to have a clear set of subprojects and financing commitments from the government. In addition, its priority to operate and manage these roads sustainably led to a more relevant design focused on the non-physical component of investments—road management, road audit, and road safety.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong government commitment and ownership are crucial to the quality of project preparation and sustainability. Specifically, establishing a clear institutional arrangement (such as, which agency performs the routine and periodic maintenance, among other things) and sound operation and maintenance strengthens the funding mechanisms of the project after completion. In this project, the government showed a high degree of ownership in ensuring that adequate budgetary sources are in place to ensure the financing of routine road maintenance.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-004
Project Name: Second Road Network Development Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranches 1 and 2)
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Lesson
The project highlighted the importance of safeguarding the nation’s wealth fund (State Oil Fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan or SOFAZ) to ensure that social programs and development priorities are sustained. In times when the nation’s wealth fund can be compromised due to external factors, exploring and pursuing viable funding options to meet the government’s financial obligations can ease pressures on the use of the fund other than its intended purposes.

Project Number: 49451-002
Project Name: Shah Deniz Gas Field Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The process of obtaining forest and wildlife clearance approvals in India is lengthy and complex and this should be factored into the project implementation timelines both at the design stage and while processing the scope extension. The compliance risk can be mitigated through advanced action by the implementing agency in managing land acquisition, forest clearance, and resettlement issues. The compliance with safeguards requirements should be linked to commissioning as retrofitting after transmission assets become operational poses challenges.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
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Lesson
Timelines for policy changes and major reforms should also be realistic, knowing that building understanding and ownership can take time and the passage of legislation can be a lengthy process. Two municipalities declined to participate in the project because of their objection to the transfer of ownership and management of assets to a state government agency.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date: