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Lesson
Careful political economy analysis can help identify potential legal or regulatory changes on the horizon that could impact planned interventions. In this case, changes in the regulatory framework related to hazardous waste management resulted in the cancelation of one output.

Project Number: 45009-002
Project Name: Fifth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The development of a regulatory framework alongside the preparation of a project’s technical design could help enhance the autonomy and sustainability of water utilities. This, in turn, could lead to improved service delivery and better maintenance of project assets. Such a framework could include mechanisms for independent oversight and regulation of water utilities' operations and performance, as well as the provision of clear guidelines and policies for tariff setting and cost recovery, among other aspects.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In-depth analysis of the sector’s constraints and challenges both internally and externally, including the institutional arrangements and policies, can provide more realistic implementation of reforms focused on road maintenance.

Project Number: 40173-044
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - MFF and Project 3
Report Date:
Lesson
In terms of project design, in-depth analysis of various loan modality options and risks assessment, taking in consideration the ountry’s huge capacity and institutional gaps, can help design an appropriate loan modality. For example, a sector lending, which can also run for a decade and sustain capacity support to the sector, requires a sector analysis that covers a thorough analysis of the factors that affect the performance of the sector, including policy, institutional or regulatory frameworks, as well as the sustainability of the investment.

Project Number: 40173-044
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - MFF and Project 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring the continuity of reforms until they are fully rexecuted requires the Implementation of a medium-term program framework, strong government commitment, and extensive consultation and engagement of key stakeholders. This program was designed when the massive K–12 reform was rolled out. The reform’s full Implementation was envisioned to go beyond the administrative tenure of Department of Education that initiated it.

Project Number: 45089-002
Project Name: Senior High School Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Interventions to strengthen sector resilience need to be broadened to improve system readiness for future challenges to learning continuity. After the 2015 earthquake, significant effort was directed towards improving school sector resilience against disasters triggered by natural hazards and climate change. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted new challenges that can impinge on learning continuity, with disproportionate effects on students from poor socioeconomic backgrounds and deprived communities.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Safeguard actions required for non-RBL projects are largely unsuitable for RBL programs, and this needs to be considered to improve the safeguard system assessments and categorization of future RBL programs. While safeguard concerns were satisfactorily resolved in the program, some actions in the safeguard action plan were more appropriate for a typical investment project than for an RBL program. For example, the safeguard action plan indicated the disclosure of environmental documents of senior high school classroom construction.

Project Number: 45089-002
Project Name: Senior High School Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Results-based lending (RBL) is effective in strengthening government systems and fostering a whole-of-government approach to education reform. The Department of Education and education sector benefitted from the extensive engagement and discussions with oversight agencies on specific program results areas. The agencies provided a wider perspective on government financing, resource programming and prioritization, development planning, and program or project evaluation.

Project Number: 45089-002
Project Name: Senior High School Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An integrated approach to sustainable recovery is necessary to enhance the development impact of the CARES program. While the CPRO’s primary purpose was to deliver emergency assistance to support the government’s pandemic response, it also supported overall measures to keep the government on track in pursuing structural reforms that would enable a sustainable recovery from the pandemic. Such measures cohere around an integrated approach to meet Cambodia’s medium- and long-term recovery needs, including an improved investment environment and sound fiscal governance.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A government-led program with coordinated support from development partners, is effective in enabling a rapid, timely, and highly relevant emergency response to pandemics. ADB’s COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support (CARES) program proved efficacious in channeling support for the Cambodian government to address the adverse social, health, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Project Number: 54195-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to maintain some degree of flexibility to effectively respond to crisis situations. Perhaps the most important quality of Thailand’s CARES program was its ability to rapidly mobilize demand-driven support in a crisis; highlighting the importance in future crisis responses of maintaining some degree of flexibility in both program design and implementation. ADB was able to process and approve the program within 3 months of the government’s initial request for support. Events in Thailand necessitated loan signing to take place about 4 months after ADB approval.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporating nature-based solutions in flood and drought risk management projects, as appropriate, will enhance project outcomes. The project adopted a holistic approach to reducing flood and drought risks by incorporating multiple infrastructure options, such as embankments, roads, drainage channels, navigation, and pumping stations, together with an early warning system. Not relying on just one type of infrastructure added value by delivering better project benefits.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A structured, holistic, and sequential approach, backed by a comprehensive, medium- to long-term program and sufficient technical assistance (TA,) is critical to the success of financial market reforms. A wide range of reforms covering key pillars of the financial system was incorporated in this program nto enhance legislation, improve regulatory frameworks, introduce new initiatives, and support sustainable capacity building using a structured and sequential approach over the medium term.

Project Number: 51252-003, 51252-004, 51252-005
Project Name: Financial Market Development Program
(Subprograms 1; 2; and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Publication of air quality should be institutionalized to provide a feedback loop to policy makers and to empower the public to assess overall progress. ADB’s participation in the longer-term framework for air pollution abatement will reinforce the feedback and will be an instrument to provide additional assistance that will ensure the continued air pollution reduction in Ulaanbaatar and other urban areas in Mongolia.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The ownership and rationale of policy reforms need to be carefully assessed at appraisal. Strong ownership and consistent government support are critical to the success of program loans. As such, the ownership and rationale of policy reforms should be carefully assessed at appraisal. In assessing ownership, it is important to remember that policy actions affect many stakeholders, both within and outside the government.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date: