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Lesson
1. Also, here are additional project-level lessons: project proposals need to be anchored on a rigorous sector analysis where different scenarios that consider changing policy environment of the state are laid out so that assumptions, indicators, and their performance targets are drawn up with guarded optimism.

Project Number: 37579-012, 37579-032
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Sustainable Natural Resource Management and Productivity Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sector projects of a multisectoral nature face the risk of having implementation problems and achieving lower than expected development outcomes. Additional work at project design needs to identify and establish clear rules about the types of investments that are eligible for financing, ensuring that these contribute to the project’s stated outcomes. At implementation, a close communication of the rules for investment is critical to avoid delays stemming from extensive revisions to proposed investment plans.

Project Number: 37287-013, 37287-022
Project Name: Tonle Sap Lowlands Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Review missions are opportunities for ADB to transfer best practices in project management. This includes giving the executing and implementing agencies guidance on how (i) to properly record and classify project cost categories to ensure transparency and correct representation of costs, and (ii) to assess the project’s economic and financial benefits.

Project Number: 42017-013
Project Name: Second Heilongjiang Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Realistic projections of traffic volume and economic development at appraisal. This validation adds another project-level lesson:

Project Number: 42017-013
Project Name: Second Heilongjiang Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Although the supporting TA addressed issues related to budget preparation and execution, continued support for the entire PFMR process is needed. The expectation that the TA could achieve its outcome within 24 months was too optimistic based on capacity constraints, which should have been identified at appraisal.

Project Number: 41041-013
Project Name: Public Finance Management Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Having a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) team in MID would have drawn attention to implementation issues early on as well as provided information needed for economic and financial analyses that would have facilitated the proper assessment of project effectiveness and efficiency.

Project Number: 41171-022
Project Name: Transport Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome indicators need to be properly defined and linked to the reform program actions.

Project Number: 44252-013
Project Name: Financial Market Development and Integration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Consultation was undertaken at appraisal and fact-finding was done by ADB on alternatives to the establishment of the PWSC. However, the change in the government resulted in changes in the sector reform choices undertaken and resulted in less commitment to the program. For similar policy-based loans, the lesson is to develop ownership indicators for programs ex-ante, which are sufficiently robust to ensure that government commitment is maintained irrespective of sector reform pathways.

Project Number: 44031-013
Project Name: Water Sector Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion
Report Date:
Lesson
The PPMS should be developed and established prior to the start of project implementation. This would ensure that all implementation activities are effectively monitored and causes of delays and mitigating actions described clearly. Benefit monitoring and evaluation is essential to measuring project impact and outcome indicators so as to measure achievement. This should not be left to the executing or implementing agency and should be undertaken by qualified monitoring and evaluation specialists, including the collection of primary and secondary data.

Project Number: 40037-013
Project Name: Lae Port Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB resident mission should be more proactive in monitoring project implementation. It is contingent on the resident mission to assist the executing agency in identifying corrective measures and even use its technical resources to assist in resolving issues. The delay due to unresolved resettlement issues took too long to solve resulting in increased project cost. With local knowledge and experience, the resident mission would be in a good position to identify options in resolving such issues.

Project Number: 40037-013
Project Name: Lae Port Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 39293-013
Project Name: Education for Knowledge Society Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Additional consideration should have been given to the provision of the following, which addresses particular problems encountered: The lack of consultant staff willing to work in Jammu and Kashmir should have been anticipated.

Project Number: 38136-013
Project Name: Multisector Project for Infrastructure Rehabilitation in Jammu and Kashmir
Report Date:
Lesson
Consultant’s bid documents and the terms of references should have been strengthened before these were issued.

Project Number: 38136-013
Project Name: Multisector Project for Infrastructure Rehabilitation in Jammu and Kashmir
Report Date:
Lesson
Additional assistance provided to the ERA by appointing PSU staff consultants to assist in project implementation.

Project Number: 38136-013
Project Name: Multisector Project for Infrastructure Rehabilitation in Jammu and Kashmir
Report Date:
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