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Lesson
Urban–rural disparity in training outcomes can be wide, partly because of unequal access to industries and the wage labor market. The national apprenticeship scheme and industrial training institutes are closely linked with employers; the scheme has resulted in impressive employment rates. Skills training providers who cater to rural areas have the greatest challenge in creating jobs. Disadvantaged social groups are normally less involved in skills training.

Project Number: 47334-002
Project Name: Supporting Kerala's Additional Skill Acquisition Program in Post-Basic Education
Report Date:
Lesson
Gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) mainstreaming in Nepal's Ministry of Public Infrastructure and Transport (MPIT) is challenging. The MPIT developed and approved the guidelines for GESI. However, operationalizing the guidelines in all ministry operations has been challenging, mainly because of the need to orient staff at different levels. The government's budget allocation for mainstreaming GESI ensures strong ownership, but the budget is not adequate for institutionalizing GESI in the transport sector.

Project Number: 38350-013
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Road Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes to a project's scope and routings are common among energy projects of this nature and magnitude, but it is important to update all relevant project documents accordingly. Despite significant scope changes during project implementation, the design and monitoring framework was not revised to account for the changes. This resulted in the project's performance being evaluated against targets that were not updated. However, the loan agreement was amended accordingly.

Project Number: 49214-002
Project Name: Solar Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The required procurement method must be assessed at appraisal stage to determine its compliance with ADB policies prior to including each package in ADB-financed projects. The rehabilitation of the 500 kV HVDC terminals between Rihand and Dadri was dropped when competitive procurement was not feasible because of the nature of the works and resulted in changes in scope.

Project Number: 49214-002
Project Name: Solar Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close coordination is required to ensure high utilization of project-financed assets. The executing agency is responsible only for the construction, installation, and commissioning of transmission assets, as required by the National Dispatch Center, while the utilization of assets is the responsibility of the National Dispatch Center. Although the utilization of assets built under this project is satisfactory at present, the executing agency is not aware of the future planned level of utilization.

Project Number: 49214-002
Project Name: Solar Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB close mentoring and guidance are crucial to ensuring quality financial reports and well functioning financial systems. During the first reporting year of the project, the implementing agency had difficulty complying with the annual financial reporting requirements. Through ADB's close mentoring and guidance, the reports gradually improved, from the beginning of fiscal year 2019 up to 2021, and the auditors issued clean or unqualified opinions.

Project Number: 49214-002
Project Name: Solar Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Following ADB Procurement Guidelines throughout will avoid any issues over unfamiliarity with or misunderstanding of the conditions. Although the use of the implementing agency's works and procurement policy and procedures was approved with conditions for smaller contracts, the implementing agency's decision to follow ADB's guidelines eased implementation and minimized procurement issues.

Project Number: 46537-002
Project Name: Solar Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition to ensuring robust environmental assessment and management to avoid project delays and operational disruptions, it is imperative to plan for and link mitigation measures such as the installation of bird flight diverters to the commissioning of power lines and financial closure, rather than leaving such measures to be retrofitted after the power lines have become operational. Insufficient attention to forest clearance needs during project design and planning resulted in implementation delays. The quality of the environmental assessments fell short.

Project Number: 49214-002
Project Name: Solar Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Integrated flood and riverbank erosion risk management (FRERM) programs are highly replicable. For example, the structural (geotextile bags, high embankments), and non-structural (community-based) approaches were replicated in Kaziranga in the Golaghat district even while the program was still ongoing.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Community involvement was substantial during project implementation and proved to be crucial in integrative flood and river erosion management. Advocacy and capacity development of community stakeholders enabled them to understand the complex flood risk management Cultural norms regarding women's roles in society were carefully navigated.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthening the livelihood base of vulnerable communities in newly protected flood plains is imperative. The approach improved community relations and executing agency. Future grants could better support the participation of marginalized people through in-kind support and/or a participation allowance.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Structural and nonstructural interventions require cohesive and integrated program approaches as well as long-term planning. The phased approach taken by this program proved most appropriate, allowing the step-by-step construction of various flood and riverbank erosion management (FRERM) structures while verifying innovative solutions and, in the process, strengthening state and local institutions.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Climate risks such as monsoon and weather conditions need to be considered in drawing up implementation schedules.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
As a key area of development for ADB, climate adaptation infrastructure for flood protection and bank erosion protection need to be effectively disseminated. Structural solutions demonstrated to be effective by the project included (i) riverbank protection works with innovative technologies and prosiltation measures; (ii) upgrade of flood embankments; and (iii) construction of sluice gates and one pumping station to improve drainage.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued engagement with the same agencies strengthens collaboration and facilitates the attainment of project results. ADB has had a long history of engaging key agencies in India's power sector. Nine ADB loans, including two funded by multitranche financing facilities, provided the distribution companies (DISCOMs) with extensive experience that helped with this project's smooth implementation and better use of loan funds.

Project Number: 47100-004
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Power Transmission and Distribution System Improvement Project
Report Date: