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Lesson
Establishment of formal partnerships to strengthen public–private partnerships (PPPs) will enhance the involvement of industries and employers in TVET. PPP plays an important role in helping TVET providers to improve the quality and relevance of TVET programs and in increasing the employment of TVET graduates.

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Equipment to be provided by projects should be properly allocated and based on recipient needs. The distribution of equipment in some cases was not adequate for local disaster risks. For example, blowers were provided to all aimags including Govi-Altai where the risk of steppe and forest fires is low. In contrast, because of the high risk of forest fires in the area, Khuvsgul would have been provided more equipment such as blowers and forest fire extinguisher.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong community support is better assured through collaboration with local groups. Even in baghs (subdistricts) where shelters were not constructed, community support was strong because of the BNGs established by the project. Community ties nurtured through the BNGs have resulted in knowledge exchange, responsibility-sharing among the herders, and efficient use of BNG revolving funds and disaster risk reduction equipment and tools. BNGs organized various activities that benefited the whole community, such as road repairs and fence-building new fences.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Small-scale infrastructure can have an added value. The construction of livestock shelters and wells increased agricultural production and reduced livestock losses for many households. The results of this activity inspired other BNGs to build disaster-resilient infrastructure using their own resources. During the project completion review fieldwork missions, local residents expressed gratitude and gave positive feedback on the benefits they received.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporation of experiences and lessons from local and global good practices strengthens the design of projects.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
An integrated, eco-friendly sanitation and waste management system is possible through a combination of innovative approaches. This project’s design reflects the experience gained from the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction grants and other donor and government initiatives incorporating innovative best practices in eco-friendly and integrated onsite sanitation and waste management system.

Project Number: 49113-001
Project Name: Managing Soil Pollution in Ger Areas through Improved On-site Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adoption of global best practices in sanitation and human waste management, which are culturally sensitive, requires extensive consultations and social awareness building. The project originally planned to use a composting facility ran by the Action Contre le Faim Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene, which was unexpectedly closed down. This required a minor change in scope, which was swiftly approved and provided implementation support by ADB.

Project Number: 49113-001
Project Name: Managing Soil Pollution in Ger Areas through Improved On-site Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate public awareness and successful demonstration of the benefits from projects facilitate the replication of these projects or components thereof. Soil pollution and pit latrine issues were not well addressed and discussed before project inception. The project created a large impact through awareness raising and by demonstrating the highly beneficial project outcome in Mongolia. Buttressed by a participatory approach, the project has helped bring about notable shifts in government focus and household outlook towards human waste management and soil pollution issues.

Project Number: 49113-001
Project Name: Managing Soil Pollution in Ger Areas through Improved On-site Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective procurement plans and strategies require the conduct of relevant market and technical assessments, adequate consultation with pertinent government officials, and appropriate contract packaging. Several procurement issues, including unresponsive bidding, inadequate consulting services, inadequate terms of reference for consultants, etc. occurred mainly because of the technical nature of the goods and works required, which caused some changes in procurement arrangements during implementation.

Project Number: 49113-001
Project Name: Managing Soil Pollution in Ger Areas through Improved On-site Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Programs such as this should take a holistic approach to measuring and abating air pollution. Although substantial progress has been made, longer-term policy measures to address the ongoing air quality issue in Mongolia are still needed The increased concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide show shortcomings in the program’s overall achievements, along with the concentrations of small particulate matter which remain above World Health Organization’s guidelines, necessitating more policy actions.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Publication of air quality should be institutionalized to provide a feedback loop to policy makers and to empower the public to assess overall progress. ADB’s participation in the longer-term framework for air pollution abatement will reinforce the feedback and will be an instrument to provide additional assistance that will ensure the continued air pollution reduction in Ulaanbaatar and other urban areas in Mongolia.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
It is critical for executing agencies to enhance their procurement capacity to ensure that all consulting services needed by a project are in place at the earliest possible time. The recruitment of a consulting firm for engineering design and drawing under this project spanned 15 months despite advance action. This significantly delayed project implementation, highlighting the need for MECCS to strengthen its procurement capacity and ensure the timely recruitment of consultants for its projects.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Contract management may better be handled by engaging a consulting firm rather than individual consultants. It was challenging for MECSS to recruit nine individual consultants, manage and coordinate them, review their reports, and process their payments during project implementation. In the future, it would be better for projects of this kind to have one consulting firm instead of several individual consultants whose inputs are closely linked.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important for all stakeholders to have the same understanding of the expected project outputs to minimize issues during implementation. The volume of civil works required by the target school dormitories was higher than that calculated at appraisal. Hence, the executing agency, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports (MECSS) and ADB had to revise the civil works allocations and reduce the number of target dormitories.

Project Number: 49168-001
Project Name: Improving School Dormitory Environment for Primary Students in Western Region Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A comprehensive and thorough review of the detailed design at prefeasibility and detailed design stage, including accurate cost estimates, helps in facilitating better project implementation.

Project Number: 39265-022
Project Name: Western Regional Road Corridor Development Project, Phase 1
Report Date: