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Lesson
A few factors contributed to the success of the project in mitigating the diverse environmental impacts of the highly complex and challenging construction. A strong institutional establishment ensured effective implementation of the project environmental management plan. Sound environmental management practices were adopted throughout the Project Design, construction, and operation. For example, shock absorbers were installed on the Yichang Extra Large Bridge to minimize the vibration impacts of railway carriages on the aquatic habitats of the Chinese sturgeon.

Project Number: 35339-013
Project Name: Yichang-Wanzhou Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Three years after loan approval, the government made the decision to double track a section of the Yichang-Wanzhou Railway which connects to the subsequent ADB-financed Chongqing-Lichuang Railway. During project implementation, the Ministry of Railways made the investment to increase the capacity of the congested alternative railway routes, which changed some key assumptions made at appraisal. This highlights the importance of incorporating the overall planning of the sector into the appraisal of a specific project.

Project Number: 35339-013
Project Name: Yichang-Wanzhou Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Self-supply groundwater wells have not been closed completely as envisaged at appraisal and still exist in Qingfeng and Puyang counties. As a result, the actual operational capacity of three water supply plant (WSP) subprojects is lower than designed. The self-supply groundwater wells also caused difficulties in collecting the wastewater tariff.

Project Number: 34473-013
Project Name: Henan Wastewater Management and Water Supply Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong construction supervision and monitoring systems are vital in education projects that emphasize civil works. The quality of school construction and furnishings was a continual concern during project implementation, stemming from inadequate monitoring and enforcement of quality standards. Lower secondary school construction relied on a community participation modality manual prepared by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, but there was no orientation or training for community members that enabled them to monitor the construction process.

Project Number: 34388-013
Project Name: Second Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Project experience demonstrates that it is possible to improve natural resource-based livelihoods in a decentralization context, but that doing so is institutionally complex.

Project Number: 39603-012
Project Name: Tonle Sap Sustainable Livelihoods
Report Date:
Lesson
The project encountered common resettlement issues, and timely measures were taken: (i) early completion of the major land acquisition resettlement activities 1 year prior to the commencement of civil works allowed adequate time for resettlement implementation as well as completion of civil works; (ii) instead of concentrated resettlement sites, allocation of individual housing plots ensured that the affected households moved into new houses in a timely manner, but this approach has to be prudently decided upon based on the local context; (iii) a good relationship was built with the local c

Project Number: 35338-013
Project Name: Hunan Roads Development II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Policy reforms require monitoring beyond disbursement of the final tranche and closure of the program loan. A number of the Education Sector Development Program II policy initiatives may have lapsed since implementation, but without proper independent monitoring these are difficult to track. [Main text, para. 56]

Project Number: 34388-013
Project Name: Second Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The inclusion of a gender and ethnic minority action plan (GEMAP) in the project design does not guarantee its implementation, even when GEMAP monitoring is included in consultant terms of reference. Without reporting systems and designated focal persons the GEMAP does not get fully implemented. Good practice would have been to report in detail against GEMAP targets with gender-disaggregated data in all projects reports, including quarterly and annual progress reports, with any follow-up issues flagged for the next mission.

Project Number: 34388-013
Project Name: Second Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project's design: (i) did not anticipate the scale and nature of change in implementation arrangements that would arise from choosing the Ministry of Interior as the executing agency; (ii) underestimated coordination difficulties between government agencies - notably between the executing agency and Council for Agricultural and Rural Development (in its role as chair of the project steering committee) and between the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve Secretariat, Fisheries Administration, and Ministry of Environment for output 2; and (iii) overestimated the appetite for change in fisheri

Project Number: 39603-012
Project Name: Tonle Sap Sustainable Livelihoods
Report Date:
Lesson
Extending project closing dates can result in stronger outcomes. The final review mission agreed to the use of bank guarantees so Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MOEYS) could issue contractor checks for work extending beyond loan closing, including payments for amounts withheld during the defects liability period. With some activities occurring after project completion, there was a lack of adequate oversight by MOEYS, resulting in quality issues in building construction and finishing.

Project Number: 34388-013
Project Name: Second Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Based on the actual traffic recorded in 2009 and 2010, the traffic forecast at appraisal was unrealistically high for both the project expressway and parallel G319. The lower traffic and increased project cost have negatively impacted on the project financial reevaluation compared to appraisal. It is, therefore, suggested that a road traffic origin-destination survey be conducted in an appropriate manner, including timing and locations for survey, detailed information on the local and through traffic, accurate information on vehicle categories, and validation of traffic results.

Project Number: 35338-013
Project Name: Hunan Roads Development II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Providing for continuous consulting team leadership, by an international team leader along with a national deputy team leader, is advisable for efficient project management. The lack of continuous leadership under Education Sector Development Program II to some extent hindered the effective implementation of some project activities. [Main text, para. 59]

Project Number: 34388-013
Project Name: Second Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Supervision of procurement could have been stronger. ADB's project procurement-related review cited potential conflicts of interest, inappropriate prequalification, misleading and incomplete contract documentation, payments not accompanied by adequate documentation, lack of proper evidence and onsite inspection reports accompanying progress payment claims, and poor retention of contract documentation by the school support committees and school construction committees. [Main text, para. 58]

Project Number: 34388-013
Project Name: Second Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Although the project appears relatively efficient against its own delivery expectations, the extent to which such institutional complexity potentially adds to overall investment delivery costs remains unknown in the absence of reliable quantified benefits data from the project itself that would allow a comparison of different approaches. In institutionally complex projects such as this, implementation and eventual output delivery are especially likely to be affected (both positively and negatively) by circumstances not always foreseeable at design.

Project Number: 39603-012
Project Name: Tonle Sap Sustainable Livelihoods
Report Date:
Lesson
The project expressway was implemented in an efficient and effective manner and was opened to traffic on 18 December 2008, which coincided with the completion date estimated at appraisal. The timely completion of the project was mainly due to early project preparation and readiness, including the completion of preliminary design in March 2003 and the detailed design in December 2003, as well as advance procurement of key civil work contracts and project implementation consultants.

Project Number: 35338-013
Project Name: Hunan Roads Development II Project
Report Date: