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Lesson
Stakeholder relationships need to build on established mandates and be insitutionalized to effectively contribute to and ensure project success. The project benefited from local project management offices (PMOs) building effective relationships with key stakeholders in the road safety ecosystem, including traffic police and education bureaus. Although successful, this approach relied on relationships among different agencies to implement a safe system approach without any mandate.

Project Number: 46042-002
Project Name: Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Climate risk assessments must be undertaken during project preparation, with results factored into the project design and budgets. The project experienced unforeseen landslides, pointing out the need to (i) improve climate modelling at design stage to incorporate potential climate change impacts on frequency and severity of landslide hazards for projects located in mountainous areas, and (ii) ensure adequate budget or contingency for potential increase of land acquisition during implementation.

Project Number: 46042-002
Project Name: Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB needs to enhance project readiness and request the executing agency (EA) to take advance action during the project processing phase. Early-stage implementation pf this projecty was delayed because the EA did not take any advance action to implement before the loan agreement was signed. As a result, the loan closing date was extended for 18 months.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The integration of urban and rural water supply systems ensures the delivery of improved and equitable water supply services to urban and rural residents in Chaonan district, which is ADB’s value addition to inclusive and balanced development. The institutional and tariff reforms have made services equitable and affordable to all. The tariff per ton charged to residents has been decreased by 40%, benefiting 1.41 million residents in Chaonan district. The formulation and design of the project can be replicated in similar rural and small-town water supply systems in the PRC.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Zero changes in project staff and implementation arrangement contribute significantly to smooth project implementation. The key staff of the project management office and implementing agencies remained unchanged throughout the project preparation and implementation periods. This, along with the absence of any scope changes, ensured smooth implementation of the project. The experience can be repeated in future projects through appropriate institutional measures and project implementation arrangements.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Efforts to train EAS and IAs in ADB procurement procedures will do little in developing institutional procurement capacity with the persistence of staff turnover in these agencies. In this project, frequent turnover of key staff members prevented the training from reaching all those responsible for developing requests for proposals, formulating evaluation criteria, and reviewing bids against the criteria. Consequently, procurement capacity remained low.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
EAs and IAs commonly perceive the low-cost option as the preferred option. However, in the case of consultant selection and civil works contractor selection in thisproject, this perception was debunked by poor contractor performance and issues with payment.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Significantly lower contract prices for civil works could lead to project completion delays.Civil works contract prices for this project were, on average, 30% below the initial estimates. The winning contractors, all private companies, encountered financial challenges during construction as the low unit prices meant that increased work resulted in financial losses. Faced with this situation, the contractors were reluctant to mobilize additional resources and accelerate the construction progress.

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Wage issues significantly affect the demographics of the teaching projection. The project observed a shift in the demographics of teachers, with an increase in non-minority teachers and a decrease in minority teachers. This shift can be attributed to local wage disparities, which incentivize local women, including ethnic minorities, to seek employment opportunities in higher-paying regions such as Nanning and Guangdong.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
issues, unforeseen project features, and road safety and traffic issues

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need to provide employability training and support to enhance the employment prospects of women even in non-skilled jobs. During project implementation, many employment positions were created, primarily benefiting ethnic minorities, including minority women. These positions mainly involved infrastructure work with lower technical skill requirements and cleaning work. While these opportunities were valuable, experience from the project highlighted the need for employability training and support to these groups.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
changes in the pavement composition to address climate change and overloading, constructability

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Reductions in government counterpart funds must be documented especially to review and derive learnings on how these impact the scope and implementation of ADB-financed projects. A reduction in government counterpart funds and increase in the domestic loan amount under this project was not documented by ADB. The EA indicated a policy change in 2015 that affected the scope of government counterpart funds; however, documentation of such a policy change was missing.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation arrangements are critical to the success of projects. Initial implementation progress under this project was mixed: while output 2 was progressing according to schedule, outputs 1 and 3 were not. At ADB's instance, the implementing agency (IA), the Baise University instituted reforms in the implementation arrangements, with the Vice President of the university replacing the project leading groups.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When a project provides substantial climate mitigation and environmental benefits, a project economist with strong background and experience in environmental valuation method can undertake the project economic analysis at appraisal. Usually, energy efficiency improvement projects have very low pay back periods and high economic internal rate of return. ADB should investigate the ways in which it can formalize the use of carbon prices in energy efficiency project economic analysis.

Project Number: 47051-002
Project Name: Chemical Industry Energy Efficiency and Emission Reduction Project
Report Date: