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Lesson
The dispersed location of project sites could make implementation management and supervision difficult. The sites of this project were spread in the north, east, and southwest of Chongqing, mostly in mountainous terrain, making management and supervision difficult for both the project management office and ADB.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Early identification of the need to cancel subprojects and faster decision-making on project scope changes could shorten the extension of project implementation periods. This project's completion date was extended twice for a cumulative period of 3 years from the original completion of 31 December 2018. The first extension was until 31 December 2020 for the utilization of loan savings across different subprojects, necessitating a minor change in project scope that could have been shortened had the request for the scope change been made earlier.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate consideration of the project sites' topography and geological conditions in project feasibility studies and detailed engineering designs could lead to unexpected cost increases during implementation. There was a significant cost increase in land acquisition and resettlement due to changes in the project scope and additional land acquisition that needed to be undertaken because of the complex geological conditions in some sites resulting in increased civil works costs in some packages.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Detailed market analysis through strategic procurement planning and accurate cost estimates could prevent unexpectedly low bids, leading to significant project savings. Under this project, it is noted that low bids did not negatively affect the quality of construction.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Apart from offering concessional interest rates,ADB and China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation (I&G) could explore providing enhanced value-added services for ongoing and future financial intermediation loan initiatives in air quality improvement or climate change programs. The global economic slowdown dampened enthusiasm for green investments, while the rise in euro interest rates and the reduction of yuan lending rates since 2022 presented additional challenges for green financing eligible subprojects within the greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.

Project Number: 50096-002
Project Name: Air Quality Improvement in the Greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region—China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation’s Green Financing Platform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Most of the results were output based. There was limited evidence on the impact that the program was expected to have on reducing skill gaps in the labor market. A closer focus on the employability of students (through tracer studies) would help demonstrate program effectiveness.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The unit cost of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is usually higher than that of general school education. Hence, to protect the program’s benefits, TVET output stream must be coordinated closely with the job market preferences of employers.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The education–employment linkages improve when both the demand for skills and their supply are strengthened together in a system.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
As was done in this project, drawing from other ADB experiences and lessons in other developing member countries is a good practice that needs to be encouraged and utilized more proactively. Such practices help strengthen ADB’s value-add and deliver quality programs and projects.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB needs to enhance project readiness and request the executing agency (EA) to take advance action during the project processing phase. Early-stage implementation pf this projecty was delayed because the EA did not take any advance action to implement before the loan agreement was signed. As a result, the loan closing date was extended for 18 months.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The integration of urban and rural water supply systems ensures the delivery of improved and equitable water supply services to urban and rural residents in Chaonan district, which is ADB’s value addition to inclusive and balanced development. The institutional and tariff reforms have made services equitable and affordable to all. The tariff per ton charged to residents has been decreased by 40%, benefiting 1.41 million residents in Chaonan district. The formulation and design of the project can be replicated in similar rural and small-town water supply systems in the PRC.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Zero changes in project staff and implementation arrangement contribute significantly to smooth project implementation. The key staff of the project management office and implementing agencies remained unchanged throughout the project preparation and implementation periods. This, along with the absence of any scope changes, ensured smooth implementation of the project. The experience can be repeated in future projects through appropriate institutional measures and project implementation arrangements.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Essential infrastructure and services can positively impact gender equity when designed to address the specific needs and responsibilities of women. This project contributed significant time savings for rural women by releasing them from the burden of fetching water,. Extra time provided them the opportunity to redirect their efforts to economically and socially productive tasks, spending time with family, and leisure activities.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Stakeholder relationships need to build on established mandates and be insitutionalized to effectively contribute to and ensure project success. The project benefited from local project management offices (PMOs) building effective relationships with key stakeholders in the road safety ecosystem, including traffic police and education bureaus. Although successful, this approach relied on relationships among different agencies to implement a safe system approach without any mandate.

Project Number: 46042-002
Project Name: Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Climate risk assessments must be undertaken during project preparation, with results factored into the project design and budgets. The project experienced unforeseen landslides, pointing out the need to (i) improve climate modelling at design stage to incorporate potential climate change impacts on frequency and severity of landslide hazards for projects located in mountainous areas, and (ii) ensure adequate budget or contingency for potential increase of land acquisition during implementation.

Project Number: 46042-002
Project Name: Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration Project
Report Date: