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Lesson
The absence of detailed cost estimates and procurement plan that clearly allocate funds for external monitoring led to delays in recruiting external environment monitoring agencies, reduced the scope of external monitoring, and caused delays in the submission of environment monitoring reports for some subprojects. The lesson from this can be considered in similar future projects.

Project Number: 40665-013
Project Name: Songhua River Basin Water Pollution Control and Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the importance of the project to women (based on the household survey and focus group discussions during appraisal stage), more attention is needed to identify an appropriate gender mainstreaming category. Without this, the project may lack interventions that could directly improve women's access to and in managing basic urban infrastructure.

Project Number: 40665-013
Project Name: Songhua River Basin Water Pollution Control and Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To appropriately assess the progress and outcome of the project, project design must incorporate the measurable benefits to beneficiaries at the outcome level, and in general, baselines must be established for all targets.

Project Number: 30286-013
Project Name: Central Region Small and Medium Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delays in recruiting consultants resulted in delays of subsequent activities (detailed design, resettlement planning, environmental management planning, and preparing bidding documents). Despite the start-up delays, the project achieved the targeted outputs, demonstrating that the executing agencies at the provincial level have the capacity for project implementation and the decentralized approach to project preparation and implementation is appropriate.

Project Number: 30286-013
Project Name: Central Region Small and Medium Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent changes of key government personnel—including program consultant specialists and project-level engineers—affected project continuity. Thus, ways to retain key government personnel for the project implementation period and beyond needed to be agreed with the government while excessive consultant staff turnover could carry more stringent contract penalties.

Project Number: 38254-033
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program, Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Cost estimation—most of the reasons provided for the cost escalation were predictable, such as (i) higher bid premiums for civil works packages relative to engineering estimates, (ii) bidder concerns over timely payments (as the implementing agencies were small municipalities), (iii) difficulties in mobilizing resources for interior towns, and (iv) more thorough review of possible price risks was required.

Project Number: 38254-033
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program, Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The capacity of national civil work contractors in technology and workmanship needs to be developed to ensure that the quality of civil works is on par with international standards. An environmental monitoring group (EMG) should be established in a timely manner with realistic mandates for monitoring environmental impact throughout project implementation, so that it can fulfill its responsibilities, including information sharing and coordination with the local authorities.

Project Number: 40007-013
Project Name: Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The salaries of project management unit (PMU) and project implementation unit (PIU) staff should be comparable with prevailing market rates to prevent high turnover.

Project Number: 40007-013
Project Name: Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project should not engage individual national consultants for construction supervision if there are many project sites due to limited capacity, unless mitigation measure are adopted. Significant inflation affected contracts. However, the contract amount was not adjusted due to the absence of price adjustment provisions in the contract documents, even in cases where the contract period was extended beyond 18 months. Price adjustments should be considered for contracts of less than 18 months when high inflation is likely to occur.

Project Number: 40007-013
Project Name: Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Initial implementation delays were mainly attributed to delays in: (i) government approval of subproject feasibility studies, and (ii) the engagement of consultants, suppliers, and contractors. These delays could be minimized if government approval procedures involving various ministries are streamlined and approval authority, at least for smaller contracts, is further delegated to the executing agency.

Project Number: 40007-013
Project Name: Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project should take fully into account the condition of the power supply, which is critical for water supply services in the country. The availability of water supply relies exclusively on an uninterrupted power supply.

Project Number: 40007-013
Project Name: Surkhandarya Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project leadership. The project had two nuclei for management-PCU and Project Management Unit (PMU). Although this arrangement was a risk-mitigating measure since LLDF had no project experience, future projects should have only one project director responsible for the project (e.g., PCU under the Ministry of Local Government and Provincial Councils or MLGPC was responsible for the overall project, and leadership was under the PMU director).

Project Number: 35201-013
Project Name: Local Government Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Requirement for financial intermediary transformation. For the Local Loans and Development Fund's (LLDF) professional operation, the project established systems, such as loan management software and operational manuals. However, the organization requires a full-time, qualified head to further drive its growth and sustainable expansion. The current part-time status of the chief executive officer will make it difficult for the organization to thrive.

Project Number: 35201-013
Project Name: Local Government Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Standardization. Since the project packages were numerous and relatively small, documents and processes should have been standardized as much as possible for efficiency and quality. For example, project-specific bidding document templates, as well as standard terms of references for all project committees, could have been drafted by the Project Coordination Unit (PCU) and approved by ADB at an earlier stage. Standard documents, reports, and monitoring forms to be used by the Subproject Coordination Units (SPCUs) were introduced on 20 June 2008.

Project Number: 35201-013
Project Name: Local Government Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate support to local authorities. At the outset, it was clear a more robust support system to local authorities for design and supervision was required. Advisors at the provincial council level supported local authorities intermittently, but additional support for preparing feasibility studies, cost estimates, engineering designs, and bidding documents was required for smooth implementation. The project rectified this gap reallocating for additional design and supervision consultant (DSC) consultancy packages and increasing existing consultants' inputs.

Project Number: 35201-013
Project Name: Local Government Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date: