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Lesson
All the output and activity requirements to achieve planned outcomes need to be identified and mapped out in a clear implementation plan with well-defined targets and a definite timeframe. The original project design overlooked securing donor funding as a key output for establishing the Facility. The proposed timeline for stakeholder consultations was overly optimistic.

Project Number: 54344-001
Project Name: Supporting the Establishment of a CAREC Regional Infrastructure Projects Enabling Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensions in project implementation period provide opportunities not only to fully achieve but also enhance project results. In this case, the agreement on TA extension was premised not only on overcoming delays due to COVID-19 but also to facilitate additional safeguards and technical studies which provided better upstream guidance to the detailed design phase of the ensuing project the TA supported.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A longer implementation is required for complex TA projects. The TA was designed to support the development of a new economic corridor development (ECD) framework and operational guidelines that apply to the Central and West Asian countries and beyond. Taking lessons from other long-term ECD-related TAs, the TA could have been designed for a longer time frame from the start, with a more realistic timeline for completion, given the complexity of the ECD and the COVID-19- related constraints. A regular TA, instead of a small-scale TA, could have been a better option.

Project Number: 54423-001
Project Name: A New Operational Economic Corridor Development Framework for Central Asia and Beyond
Report Date:
Lesson
For TA requiring knowledge product publication, the Department of Communication and Knowledge Management, ADB needs to be consulted early in TA implementation. This would have helped prevent TA implementation period to be extended by 8 months partly to ensure the quality of the knowledge product.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Early identification of the need to cancel subprojects and faster decision-making on project scope changes could shorten the extension of project implementation periods. This project's completion date was extended twice for a cumulative period of 3 years from the original completion of 31 December 2018. The first extension was until 31 December 2020 for the utilization of loan savings across different subprojects, necessitating a minor change in project scope that could have been shortened had the request for the scope change been made earlier.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Government leadership and coordination are key to successful sector reforms. The main reason for the delay in completing subprogram 3 was because of the time needed to complete the coordination for a presidential regulation that required more interministerial coordination and agreements than a ministerial regulation. While this additional requirement makes this action more irreversible, overcoming the coordination challenge was not without difficulty. Government leadership for careful coordination was critical in completing this policy action.

Project Number: 49043-001, 49043-002, 49043-003
Project Name: Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Well planned and logically sequenced policy actions are crucial to maximizing impact of reform programs and ensuring the sustainability of reforms.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Land acquisition procedures, processes, consultations, and reporting are complex in Viet Nam, not least because of the number of agencies involved. Therefore, more time, energy, and expertise need to be allocated to project land clearance and subsequent resettlement compensation.

Project Number: 46293-005
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The governments' internal review and approval processes and executing agencies' limited prior experience in ADB-financed projects and unfamiliarity with ADB procurement procedures were major contributing factors to the substantial startup and implementation delays experienced by this project.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
The process of obtaining forest and wildlife clearance approvals in India is lengthy and complex and this should be factored into the project implementation timelines both at the design stage and while processing the scope extension. The compliance risk can be mitigated through advanced action by the implementing agency in managing land acquisition, forest clearance, and resettlement issues. The compliance with safeguards requirements should be linked to commissioning as retrofitting after transmission assets become operational poses challenges.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB project teams need to have a realistic understanding of how long it takes host governments to secure internal approvals to avoid delays in completion thatcould impact project performance. Loan effectiveness took place about 5 months after loan signing, some 3 months behind schedule, “due to prolonged government approvals and parliamentary ratification procedures.” This put the project behind schedule almost from the beginning. Subsequent review missions “emphasized the need to accelerate implementation of all planned activities.

Project Number: 46535-001
Project Name: Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Report Date:
Lesson
As they can lead to time and cost overruns, wide time gaps between the finalization of the estimate, initiation of the bidding process, and awarding of contracts should be avoided. Significant time gaps of 4–5 years between the finalization of the detailed project reports, including cost estimates and the completion of the bidding process were incurred in this project. This led to higher contract costs in comparison to the engineering estimates.

Project Number: 37143-023
Project Name: North Eastern State Roads Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Climatic constraints, available working seasons over the year, difficult terrain, availability of experienced local labor, and availability of construction materials need to be adequately considered in deciding the construction completion period. As this was not the case under the project, the Public Works Department was forced to extend the contracts' duration to be able to complete the civil works contracts.

Project Number: 37143-023
Project Name: North Eastern State Roads Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Outcome indicators that do not measure the achievement of outcomes and that are only indirectly linked to the desired outcomes weaken the attainment of objectives.

Project Number: 51059-001, 51059-002
Project Name: Improved Fiscal and Infrastructure
Management Program
Report Date: