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Lesson
A sound strategy for sustainability must be agreed. The experience of the DEMP provides a good lesson on the importance of developing and operationalizing sound sustainability strategies. The project paved the way for the establishment of an innovative national online learning system, but the lack of a clear long-term plan was one reason why the concept eventually failed.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure that the investment will be sustained. Fundamental change to education systems is complex and does not happen quickly. When an entirely new system is being created, as it was under the DEMP, it is critical that a commitment for sustained investment is made. Neither the government nor ADB had any interest in a follow-on project. Even a 1-year extension to allow enrolments to continue their upward trend at the end of the project was viewed unfavorably. Innovation and reform require more long-term commitment to be successful.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The collection of baseline data should be given high priority. Efforts could have been exerted to ensure that baseline data were established during appraisal stage. Without measurable baseline values set up at appraisal stage, meaningful indicators should be carefully formulated to allow continuous monitoring for updates throughout project implementation. The project’s independent evaluation was hampered by the absence of these baseline indicators.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A partnership between customs and the private sector should be a major thrust of a customs modernization project. Extra effort must be devoted to ensure proactive engagement with the private sector, particularly with the trading community. This could help ensure buy-in, improve the user-friendliness of the IT system, and facilitate public–private partnership in customs administration.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The fast-changing nature of the IT environment requires that a project’s IT infrastructure (e.g., operating systems, core data processing applications, network, and telecommunications technologies) have enough flexibility in terms of compatibility, connectivity, and modularity to integrate with technology development. Hence, a customs modernization project must be planned so as to take into account the possible obsolescence of IT infrastructure in a shorter time period after a project’s completion than originally envisaged.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A customs modernization project, aimed at reducing corruption, needs a holistic approach that combines technical, policy, and capacity-building elements. In this case, it is an integration of three interrelated components: (i) IT infrastructure, (ii) laws and procedures, and (iii) coordination among concerned agencies. The IT infrastructure is important in reducing direct, face-to-face interactions that provide opportunities for corruption. Customs laws and procedures, in line with international standards, could provide the institutional framework for a modernized business environment.

Project Number: 35376-033
Project Name: Customs Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In future railway planning, given increasing competitiveness of inland waterways this decade, intermodal transport combining railways and inland waterways needs to be considered.

Project Number: 35339-013
Project Name: Yichang–Wanzhou Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Future railway planning needs to analyze the capacity of other railway lines that affect the project line. Planning should also note that although many PRC passenger trains still have to share heavily used tracks with freight trains, resulting in compromised speed and capacity, the rapidly expanding railway network will gradually enable separation of passenger and freight operation to achieve higher efficiency.

Project Number: 35339-013
Project Name: Yichang–Wanzhou Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Accommodating double-stack containers is a national standard for new railway lines, but double-stack containers have just started to be used in limited lines in the PRC. Given the small quantity of freight traffic on the YWR, double-stack containers are unlikely to be used for the time being. Although this is not a project-level issue, there is a need to review whether this requirement is applied to all new railway lines, or to follow-up the future utilization plan for double-stack containers.

Project Number: 35339-013
Project Name: Yichang–Wanzhou Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for adequate staff input and maintenance of project records. The project’s midterm review was undertaken 2 years late and almost at the end of the project period at appraisal. This absence of timely oversight and ADB’s poor curating of the project data and documents contributed to the project’s limited success. ADB’s business processes could be improved to retain key project financial and economic analyses records systematically in electronic format.

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need to understand the limitation of project modalities. The complexity of the PDP’s design was a weakness. As a general principle, projects should aim for simple, straightforward outputs and outcomes and involve uncomplicated implementation arrangements and a small number of implementing agencies if they hope to be successful. Projects must be designed in a way that makes it feasible for national staff (generally government officers) who often have limited resources and capabilities to manage and implement them.

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Socioeconomic, institutional, and policy environment are important for project design. The failure of the project to achieve its intended impact, and limited achievement of expected outcomes shows that ADB needs to fully assess and understand all socioeconomic, institutional, and policy factors when it prepares and appraises projects. If these factors had been properly assessed in the case of the PDP, ADB could have lowered the outcome expectations. It could have adapted the design to match the capacity of the implementing agencies and stakeholders.

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The focused intervention in water delivery needs to be implemented in conjunction with complementary projects or in appropriate (water-short) locations to ensure that higher-level project outcomes (e.g., increased yields and improved incomes) can be better realized.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB can improve client service and reduce administrative and paperwork burden. This can be done by simplifying project disbursement (ensuring sufficiently large imprest account replenishment thresholds and simpler cost-sharing arrangements). Efforts should be made to reduce report generation in future projects (e.g., by combining scheme assessments, simplifying the feasibility study format, and delegating feasibility review to the respective districts and provinces).

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuing need for the project review process in ADB to allow a flexible project design if warranted, for example during this uncertain period in early 2000s for Indonesia. A more forthcoming discussion on risks and a flexible design at approval would have made it easier later to change the project scope and financing approach. This would have reduced the project implementation challenges and delays.

Project Number: 32359-013
Project Name: Participatory Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date: