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Lesson
In emergency situations, requiring design changes that are inconsistent with existing regulations should be avoided no matter how appropriate.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The decision to use the project management units of ongoing ADB-funded projects with minor increase in staff expedited reconstruction.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Rigorous and fast-paced monitoring and evaluation, which is well suited to the implementation arrangements, is critical in urgently needed and large programs like this one, hence, it needs emphasis in the design of such programs.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
To avoid underutilization of newly built facilities, equipment, staff, and operations budgets should be identified and allocated by the responsible government agencies for activities involving rehabilitation and expansion of buildings and hospitals.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For components B, E, and H, substantial time was required to mobilize community- based organizations and implementing-partner nongovernment organizations (NGOs) to reach hundreds of villages to be served under major disaster reconstruction programs. This resulted in delays at the start of implementing activities under these components, and support from NGOs was required.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Reestablishing the identity papers and legal documentation of disaster victims is an essential and urgent necessity, and ADB's support to the government's program improved its delivery and effectiveness by ensuring sufficient funds. As highlighted in the performance audit, the mobile clinics facilitated legal documentation and proved to be an efficient mechanism for emergency situations. This can be adopted as a good practice for future interventions.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementing ADB's requirement to incorporate strengthened building standards into the design of buildings and structures was not possible. It took the government 3 years to develop the revised standards, by which time most structures had been designed and many constructed.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The success of the women's rural development societies (WRDSs) involved in components B and H, and earlier in the North East Community Restoration and Development Project (NECORD) and NECCDEP (North East Coastal Community Development Project) projects, demonstrated that community-based organizations contribute to a sustainable mechanism for improving economic activities at the local community level while concurrently achieving aspects of the gender action plan by empowering women through increased income, confidence, and quality of life.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A major effort went into training compliance teams and developing compliance manuals used for spotted and reported noncompliance among the home owners. Employing a third party to monitor compliance directly at the household level may be the best way to get a comprehensive picture of the problems involved in the adaptation of seismic standards. Perhaps a greater focus on the ability of the compliance teams to provide on-the-spot solutions to home owners may also have yielded better results.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Reconstruction led by communities can be expedited if house design options take into account the local skills, materials, tastes, geography, and culture. Also, innovative money-saving building techniques need local acceptance to be sustainable, but this may require more time and effort devoted to training.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Community involvement in owner-driven rehabilitation and reconstruction programs - through training, inspection responsibilities, and village committees - provides the human resources needed for major post-disaster housing reconstruction efforts. It also creates a greater sense of ownership, helps build capacity, reduce disputes and ensures the sustained use of seismic reconstruction techniques in the long term.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In situ housing reconstruction prevents disputes and increases efficiency, but it does not allow for improvements in historic patterns of rural, village, or town development; nor does it make possible the consolidation of housing sites and services. There is thus a trade-off between efficiency and overall effectiveness. On the other hand, outsourced reconstruction that allows household relocation by a third party may be more effective, but much less efficient and sustainable.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Similarly, the release of the first three installments took less time compared with the release of the final installment. The last installment was associated with superstructure (above plinth level). Such works entail major seismic resistant components. Noncompliance during construction in this phase has resulted in delays in the release of the final installment. Future programs should build in rigorous monitoring and consultation to avoid or minimize substantial noncompliance in the final phase of reconstruction.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The owner-driven, in situ approach to post-disaster housing reconstruction is efficient, but only partially effective in achieving the desired outcomes. This is mainly because ensuring uniformity in construction quality and seismic standards is a major challenge when serving large populations, irrespective of the levels of awareness and training of the home owners. This challenge can be partly addressed if there is real-time impact and outcome monitoring, as well as an efficient feedback-and-response loop during the reconstruction.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The reconstruction grants of PRs175,000 per household offered by the government was for 400 square foot area. This was substantially lower than the prevailing rates for the desired standard of seismic-resilient construction. About 60% of the rebuilt houses were 500-999 square feet. A pre- and post-earthquake comparison (footnote 10) showed that the overall proportion of houses with less than 1,000 square feet had increased from 65% to 80%.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date: