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Lesson
Project preparation should have included better articulation of the need or logic for integrating a program loan and a project loan in a sector development program (SDP). Policy dialogue, which is essential to clearly establish an understanding among the executing agencies that policy reforms and project loan financed investments are interlinked, should have been undertaken; however, this was missing in this SDP. Two separate loans delivered in sequence may have been preferable and more manageable.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The integration of urban and rural water supply systems ensures the delivery of improved and equitable water supply services to urban and rural residents in Chaonan district, which is ADB’s value addition to inclusive and balanced development. The institutional and tariff reforms have made services equitable and affordable to all. The tariff per ton charged to residents has been decreased by 40%, benefiting 1.41 million residents in Chaonan district. The formulation and design of the project can be replicated in similar rural and small-town water supply systems in the PRC.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Zero changes in project staff and implementation arrangement contribute significantly to smooth project implementation. The key staff of the project management office and implementing agencies remained unchanged throughout the project preparation and implementation periods. This, along with the absence of any scope changes, ensured smooth implementation of the project. The experience can be repeated in future projects through appropriate institutional measures and project implementation arrangements.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Essential infrastructure and services can positively impact gender equity when designed to address the specific needs and responsibilities of women. This project contributed significant time savings for rural women by releasing them from the burden of fetching water,. Extra time provided them the opportunity to redirect their efforts to economically and socially productive tasks, spending time with family, and leisure activities.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate due diligence at appraisal is important to prepare a realistic project schedule considering the institutional setup, internal review and approval procedures, existing capacity, and prior experience of the government and executing agency in implementing ADB and other development partners’ projects. Formulating appropriate project design, identifying major risks, implementing adequate mitigation measures, and providing early implementation support are crucial in minimizing startup delays and facilitating timely implementation progress of projects.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A comprehensive master plan combined with arrangements that put the upstream catchment management and lake management under single administrations can deliver lasting results.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close consultation with stakeholders during project design and implementation is especially needed to address the difficulties commonly arising from finding appropriate sites for solid waste and medical waste management facilities in urban projects. Due to lack of land and higher costs of construction than estimated at appraisal, it was not possible to construct the integrated waste treatment facilities, slaughterhouses, and medical waste management facilities planned under this program. These components were eventually dropped.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall project success depends to a large extent on the successful implementation of risk mitigation measures carefully identified at appraisal. Weak institutional arrangements and lack of ownership saddled the implementation of this program. A lack of capacity and coordination among different agencies compounded the difficulties. The difficulties could have been minimized or avoided through the timely implementation of risk mitigation measures drawn at appraisal. The measures should be based on a thorough assessment of all potential risks throughout the project period.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
The marginal financial viability of the project suggests the need for improved direct cost recovery over time. Tariffs under the project were estimated to average less than 1% of household incomes compared to an estimated 3%–5% in other regional countries, indicating the potential for affordable adjustments. Higher tariffs would not only improve the financial viability of such investments but also encourage private sector participation in the sector.

Project Number: 42011-013
Project Name: Wuhan Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring the timely provision of counterpart funds reduces unnecessary implementation delays that could potentially lead to changes in project scope. Securing the financing and arrangements of counterpart funds at the outset avoids prolonged implementation of project activities. Specifically, adequate risk assessment of financing constraints and commitment of borrowers is essential for a more effective and smooth implementation.

Project Number: 42011-013
Project Name: Wuhan Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Measurable targets in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) for projects that are expected to have a demonstration effect should be identified to track and measure the investment’s influence.

Project Number: 43054-013
Project Name: Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Immediately prior to project approval, a final assessment of the project environment can help identify potential changes or revisions affecting the implementation of subprojects and their components. While scope changes may be unavoidable, the challenge is to proactively identify areas of concern where project circumstances may have already substantially changed prior to implementation affecting coverage of subprojects or components. For example, the higher performance standards brought in after approval for the wastewater treatment plant impacted its financial sustainability.

Project Number: 43054-013
Project Name: Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to adjust project expectations based on context when preparing a district water supply project. This requires a thorough sector assessment of government institutional capacity and ability to implement policy reforms at national and local district levels with sufficient counterpart staff and budget, a risk-based analysis of local fragility and resilience factors, and a phased incremental approach outlined for critical actions.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More thoughtful planning and sustained monitoring are required when implementing new pilot approaches. Successful implementation of new approaches such as public-private partnerships, which involve government policy changes and reforms, would require realistic timelines, ongoing monitoring of political commitment, and adoption of risk management strategies that are responsive to change.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Coordination and use of phased approach to key project activities will maximize project benefits. This would involve identifying opportunities at project design phase for integrating or combining under one contract interlinked activities, such as water system infrastructure investment and the planned O&M, to reduce risk of slippage and implementation delays.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date: