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Lesson
Incorporation of experiences and lessons from local and global good practices strengthens the design of projects.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
A longer project implementation period is necessary in projects with geographically challenging state terrain. The completion of this project was extended twice, for a total of 18 months, basically because of startup delays. Despite the delays that amounted to 30% overrun, completing the project in 6.5 years is a remarkable achievement for a first-time executing agency and for the first multisector project in the human development sector in a geographically challenging terrain.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
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Lesson
More thoughtful planning and sustained monitoring are required when implementing new pilot approaches. Successful implementation of new approaches such as public-private partnerships, which involve government policy changes and reforms, would require realistic timelines, ongoing monitoring of political commitment, and adoption of risk management strategies that are responsive to change.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
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Lesson
Active involvement of line agencies from project inception stage until completion and handover to urban local bodies (ULBs) ensured effective asset transfer planning and budgeting for smooth operation and maintenance (O&M) and sustainability of asset. O&M has been designed into the project, with contractors required to submit to ULBs O&M manuals, technical data, troubleshooting methodologies, and rehabilitation and restoration of electro-mechanical systems. The O&M cell was instituted in August 2009 and was adequately staffed under the MFF.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
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Lesson
Coordination and use of phased approach to key project activities will maximize project benefits. This would involve identifying opportunities at project design phase for integrating or combining under one contract interlinked activities, such as water system infrastructure investment and the planned O&M, to reduce risk of slippage and implementation delays.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Extensive community consultations and information dissemination helped improve the uptake of infrastructure services and hygiene practices. Focusing on behavioral change among the poor and vulnerable population groups and working through behavioral change leaders and women's self-help groups, the project significantly helped reduce open defecation practices. To sustain interventions that induce rapid adoption of improved sanitation services, it trained women-led community-based committees to promote public hygiene and maintain community toilets in slums.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to adjust project expectations based on context when preparing a district water supply project. This requires a thorough sector assessment of government institutional capacity and ability to implement policy reforms at national and local district levels with sufficient counterpart staff and budget, a risk-based analysis of local fragility and resilience factors, and a phased incremental approach outlined for critical actions.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The Shah Deniz Gas Field Expansion Project is transformational. It has expanded the development of one of the largest gas fields in the world, which will help (i) more than double gas production from the field; and (ii) increase the country’s gas production by 67% during the same period. This will help strengthen the Azerbaijani economy and create more fiscal space for economic diversification.

Project Number: 49451-002
Project Name: Shah Deniz Gas Field Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A more in-depth assessment of the executing agency’s capacity during appraisal could have avoided delays and revisions in scope. In this case, the Meghalaya State Skill Development Society (MSSDS) was a new entity, with little prior experience in undertaking large-scale skills development activities. The MSSDS, along with the state Department of Education, comprised the two original project implementation units.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB played an important role in country risk mitigation. ADB’s partial credit guarantee (PCG) to the Southern Gas Corridor Closed Joint-Stock Company (SGC) made possible SGC’s access to necessary private sector refinancing to meet its financial commitments to Shah Deniz Stage II (SD2) and the midstream pipelines. This reduced government dependence on the country’s dwindling oil and gas revenues held by the State Oil Fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ) to meet expenditure obligations.

Project Number: 49451-002
Project Name: Shah Deniz Gas Field Expansion Project
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Lesson
Government schools need to be included in future similar projects. While government-aided private schools were included, it was not clear why government schools that required enhancement support the most were completely exempted from the project scope.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
Land acquisition and government approval processes need to be assessed and factored into the design of projects to mitigate the risk of delays. In addition to institutional capacity, other matters such as the time required for land acquisition and processing of internal approvals need to be assessed during project preparation. Appropriate risk mitigation measures need to be in place. Undertaking these activities would have helped lessen the implementation delays encountered by this project to which delays in contract awarding and land acquisition were major contributing factors.

Project Number: 41626-013
Project Name: Bihar Power System Improvement Project
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Lesson
An integrated, eco-friendly sanitation and waste management system is possible through a combination of innovative approaches. This project’s design reflects the experience gained from the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction grants and other donor and government initiatives incorporating innovative best practices in eco-friendly and integrated onsite sanitation and waste management system.

Project Number: 49113-001
Project Name: Managing Soil Pollution in Ger Areas through Improved On-site Sanitation Project
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Lesson
Programs such as this should take a holistic approach to measuring and abating air pollution. Although substantial progress has been made, longer-term policy measures to address the ongoing air quality issue in Mongolia are still needed The increased concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide show shortcomings in the program’s overall achievements, along with the concentrations of small particulate matter which remain above World Health Organization’s guidelines, necessitating more policy actions.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
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Lesson
It is important to minimize if not completely prevent the need for design changes that could exacerbate implementation challenges. The project as delivered differs significantly from that expected at appraisal. A memorandum of understanding following the April 2013 loan review mission had made extensive and critical comments on the conceptual and detailed design of the project.

Project Number: 41192-013
Project Name: Regional Logistics Development Project
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