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Lesson
Adequate and thorough preparation at design enhances the project’s quality at entry which is critical in supporting the government’s and ADB’s priority to promote rural development and reduce poverty. Specifically, a greater consideration of the design and scope for improving disaster risk management and climate resilience could support the upgrading and rehabilitation of other infrastructures, such as roads, energy, and social services, resulting in higher development impacts.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A project performance monitoring system (PPMS) based only on implementation and gender data has limited usefulness. To adequately evaluate the impact of a project and estimate its economic internal rate of return that reflects the primary and secondary benefits of the project, a PPMS needs to include the economic data of project beneficiaries, e.g., avoided economic losses.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-designed monitoring and evaluation system helps ensure proper attribution of project investments to the achieved outcomes, at project completion. Specifically, a monitoring and evaluation system, with sufficient and dedicated staff, could monitor and assess pertinent project-related data. These help in corroborating that systematically gathered information during implementation is indeed the result of a project’s intervention.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure development would be more impactful if it can be combined with modern agricultural concepts, like climate smart agriculture, conservation farming, on-farm water use efficiency, and integrated water resource management to enhance the development effectiveness of the project. Collaborative efforts with agricultural agencies to simultaneously work on these aspects and better emphasis on crop diversification would have provided better development outcomes.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation and climate change adaptation interventions have rooms for improvement by employing multidisciplinary approaches. While the traditional engineering approaches are quite useful, ecosystem-based holistic approaches, such as consideration of the irrigation infrastructure development with the management of the watersheds that could supply water, needs to be considered in the approach in future irrigation projects.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The timely provision of adequate community infrastructure and services is key to ensure the well-being of displaced households and achieve resettlement objectives. These infrastructure and services, including electricity, water, waste management, drainage, and road management, would have to meet pertinent national standards at the least and be made available prior to issuance of

Project Number: 37269-013, 37269-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion:
Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Transport projects typically involve a variety of risks in implementation and execution of activities. Formulating appropriate project design and risk assessment during preparatory phase is critical to minimize delays. This includes a systematic appraisal of the project’s technical scope and engineering design, costs and contingencies, safeguards, and financial and contractual risks. The institutional setup, internal review and approval process, and existing capacity and prior experience of the borrower and executing

Project Number: 37269-013, 37269-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion:
Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective and efficient implementation of large-scale land acquisition and resettlement activities depends largely on strong political will and commitment at all levels of government, especially when a large number of households are affected. It is important for an agency charged with resettlement activities to be proactive and work closely with local authorities and affected people to resolve identified issues on the ground. Having intensive policy dialogues with the agencies on ADB's safeguard policies and providing well-designed TA projects can

Project Number: 37269-013, 37269-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion:
Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For greater effectiveness of the monitoring and evaluation framework of the project, the overall logic and results chains as well as indicators need to be firmly established and tested before project effectiveness.

Project Number: 37287-013, 37287-022
Project Name: Tonle Sap Lowlands Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sector projects of a multisectoral nature face the risk of having implementation problems and achieving lower than expected development outcomes. Additional work at project design needs to identify and establish clear rules about the types of investments that are eligible for financing, ensuring that these contribute to the project’s stated outcomes. At implementation, a close communication of the rules for investment is critical to avoid delays stemming from extensive revisions to proposed investment plans.

Project Number: 37287-013, 37287-022
Project Name: Tonle Sap Lowlands Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The sustainability of rural infrastructure interventions, mainly rural roads and irrigation schemes relies heavily on securing funds for their proper O&M. Existing reliance on ad hoc government transfers to cover O&M expenses should 12 evolve into user-paid fees to guarantee the proper functioning of the infrastructure during its expected lifetime.

Project Number: 37287-013, 37287-022
Project Name: Tonle Sap Lowlands Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion
Report Date:
Lesson
Road safety programs in rural areas need continuous support to remain sustainable. In this respect, project-based interventions need to be designed more carefully with measures of strengthening beneficiary involvement included in the community- based road safety program to sustain its momentum even after project completion.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Contractor Assessment. The project was affected by the unsatisfactory performance of two contractors and one supplier. Although such performance issues are usually observed in projects of similar nature, it is not simple to find a resolution through the bidding process or contract administration. Therefore, a well-planned performance monitoring system by the government linked to sanctioning of such entities may be a likely remedy.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely Implementation of Resettlement Compensation. The timely implementation of resettlement (including at the CBF) was a risk identified at project appraisal. The project encountered delays in resettlement compensation due to slow disbursement of counterpart funds. Since delays in resettlement affect civil works implementation, measures to supplement counterpart funds, including the use of ADB loan proceeds for resettlement compensation, should be considered.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date: