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Lesson
To help deal with the complexities of land acquisition and meet ADB’s safeguard requirement of payment before construction, linear greenfield projects such as M–4 should benefit from good practices learned in other projects involving multiple federal and provincial agencies in the land acquisition process. Future project designs could consider a pragmatic approach to the complexities of land acquisition and payment of compensation at the early stages of land acquisition, specifically at the time the executing agency is issued the notice to proceed.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M-4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional
Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
Lack of continuity in the staff of key project agencies could lead to chronic implementation delays. Procurement of works and recruitment of consultants followed due process and were completed; albeit with delays. Although NHA has carried out procurement for multiple MDB-financed projects; a lack of continuity of key staff at its Procurement and Contract Administration posed challenges for each procurement and this project was no exception. Procurement consultant support is a regular feature provided by ADB.

Project Number: 47281-001
Project Name: National Highway Network Development in Balochistan Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The potential of new technologies and contracting modalities to achieve their intended results is best enhanced by the provision of adequate technical and capacity-building support.

Project Number: 37192-023, 37192-033, 37192-043, 37192-044
Project Name: Power Transmission Enhancement Investment Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong community support is better assured through collaboration with local groups. Even in baghs (subdistricts) where shelters were not constructed, community support was strong because of the BNGs established by the project. Community ties nurtured through the BNGs have resulted in knowledge exchange, responsibility-sharing among the herders, and efficient use of BNG revolving funds and disaster risk reduction equipment and tools. BNGs organized various activities that benefited the whole community, such as road repairs and fence-building new fences.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Small-scale infrastructure can have an added value. The construction of livestock shelters and wells increased agricultural production and reduced livestock losses for many households. The results of this activity inspired other BNGs to build disaster-resilient infrastructure using their own resources. During the project completion review fieldwork missions, local residents expressed gratitude and gave positive feedback on the benefits they received.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
The participation of a financial management specialist in review missions and site visits will help improve capacity and ensure timely financial reporting. The project generally met ADB’s financial monitoring and reporting requirements. However, submission of the audited project financial statements was at times delayed. The delays could have been avoided by having a financial management specialist participate in project review missions and site visits. The measure could have also enhanced the capacity and awareness of ADB financial management procedures.

Project Number: 41626-013
Project Name: Bihar Power System Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Land acquisition and government approval processes need to be assessed and factored into the design of projects to mitigate the risk of delays. In addition to institutional capacity, other matters such as the time required for land acquisition and processing of internal approvals need to be assessed during project preparation. Appropriate risk mitigation measures need to be in place. Undertaking these activities would have helped lessen the implementation delays encountered by this project to which delays in contract awarding and land acquisition were major contributing factors.

Project Number: 41626-013
Project Name: Bihar Power System Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Regular scrutiny of the financial statements by ADB, coupled with periodic training of finance and project accounts staff, will help expedite financial closure. The financial management arrangements of the recipient and executing agency were robust. Even then, financial closure of the grant account took 1.15 years from the grant closing date because of delays in the liquidation of advances and additional time needed to resolve the statement of expenditures review findings. Financial closing was further exacerbated by COVID-19 in-country lockdown measures.

Project Number: 44240-014
Project Name: Thimphu Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Diligent project financial monitoring enables savings to be identified at an early stage, making it possible for additional components to be undertaken thereby improving project results and benefits. The project's executing and implementing agencies identified some savings after the award of two original works packages. This enabled an additional works package to be prepared, procured, and executed within the extended implementation period.

Project Number: 44240-014
Project Name: Thimphu Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The design of future irrigation rehabilitation projects can build on the project’s community empowerment model but also consider options for increasing beneficiary contributions for water use. The project increased community ownership and management of irrigation infrastructure through resourcing and strengthening the participation of women and their roles in the water user cooperative societies (WUCSs). Despite gains in irrigation fee collection, the WUCSs and infrastructure O&M requirements are not yet financially sustainable without significant government inputs.

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
New technologies can enhance safeguards. The adoption of new technologies such as metallic return conductors, gas-insulated substations, and high-voltage direct current transmission systems has minimized the project’s environmental and social impacts. Specifically, it has reduced the project’s land requirements, with completed infrastructure expected to contribute positively to the welfare of communities in the beneficiary states.

Project Number: 44426-014
Project Name: National Grid Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An integrated, eco-friendly sanitation and waste management system is possible through a combination of innovative approaches. This project’s design reflects the experience gained from the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction grants and other donor and government initiatives incorporating innovative best practices in eco-friendly and integrated onsite sanitation and waste management system.

Project Number: 49113-001
Project Name: Managing Soil Pollution in Ger Areas through Improved On-site Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project facilities need to be turned over to local governments to ensure long-term operational and institutional sustainability. Municipalities did not exist in many towns at project appraisal. Hence, water user associations (WUAs) led the project. Since the service areas of individual WUAs are now a part of their respective municipality, municipalities are expected to support the operation and maintenance (O&M) of the water supply and sanitation facilities to ensure long-term operational and institutional sustainability

Project Number: 35173-013
Project Name: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The participation of a financial management specialist in review missions and site visits will help improve capacity and compliance with statutory and financial covenants. The project generally met ADB’s financial monitoring and reporting requirements. But it encountered delays in the submission of the audited project financial statement for fiscal years 2016 and 2017. These delays could have been avoided by having a financial management specialist participate in project review missions and site visits.

Project Number: 44426-014
Project Name: National Grid Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project’s innovative and sustainable model ─ of shared cost and responsibility ─ is highly replicable and may be scaled up in similar contexts. The project was built on the approach and principle of shared cost and shared ownership between the users and the government. This innovative model of implementation and service delivery has brought about remarkable achievements in improving the people’s living standards in the project towns. People now have access to 24/7 safe water, O&M is smooth, women’s time poverty has decreased, and girls’ school attendance has increased.

Project Number: 35173-013
Project Name: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date: