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Lesson
The government’s commitment and ability to implement the institutional development and capacity development (particularly in procurement, loan and contract administration, disbursement processes, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, periodic reporting, and social and environmental safeguards) could have been carefully reviewed. A flexible approach could have been adopted with adequate supervision support for sector specialists in capacity development activities. Discussions at the technical level should have led to higherlevel discussion as the proposed reforms were far-reaching.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Delayed completion of preconstruction activities and advance action caused delays to all subsequent activities. ADB could have satisfied itself about project readiness in the key areas of detailed design, safeguards, procurement, and establishment of the project implementation unit.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The overall time allowed for implementation of the investment and reform programs was inadequate for developing knowledge and understanding, processes, procedures, and the project implementation framework. Unrealistic work schedules, poor procurement planning, insufficient implementation details, and loose monitoring targets prolonged implementation. A well-qualified and experienced project team leader and consultants’ familiarity with ADB processes are essential to implement an ADB-financed project.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons.

Project Number: 41657-013
Project Name: Emergency Disaster Damage Rehabilitation (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough funds disbursement analysis should have been conducted during project implementation to determinesufficiency or insufficiency of funds from all sources to finance all project components. While the actual cost for theproject civil works sections increased by 50%, the project still ended with unutilized loan proceeds of $9.65 million (Loan 2205) and $1.40 million (Loan 2206 [Special Funds]). These were more than sufficient to continue implementing the local roads component estimated to cost $3.8 million, of which $3.0 million was to be funded from the loan.

Project Number: 35457-013
Project Name: East–West Highway Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons.

Project Number: 34263-013
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh State Roads Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons.

Project Number: 31352-013
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Small Towns Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More modern ways by which program management consultants and engineering supervision consultants to monitor and encourage contractor performance on the environmental dimensions of their work is helpful. Reference could be made, for example, to an excellent system of environmental quality monitoring of contractors, linked with small (but rising) withholdings from their monthly invoice payments until shortfalls are corrected. Consultants developed and applied the system for the Ministry of Public Works of Jordan some 4 years ago, which now has a record of proven success.

Project Number: 30240-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion: Cambodia Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The Ministry of Transport and Communications and Armenian Roads Directorate should give importance in operationalizing the PPMS, which seems to have been overlooked. The measurement of impacts and outcomes was not given due importance and the quality of the PCR report suffered. For example, the conduct of the traffic surveys was insufficient and the results were conflicting. No explanation was given as to why the post-construction traffic deviated from the forecast.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The skills in project management of the executing and implementing agencies’ staff, including the management of consultants, needs to be upgraded. Considering that this was the first ADB loan for the transport sector in Armenia, the agencies were not familiar with ADB policies, systems, and requirements and would need to have sufficient capacity development in these particular skills.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A project performance monitoring system (PPMS) was not required, since an existing system was already in place at Directorate General of Highways. However, ADB did require the conduct of surveys and collection of data for specific performance indicators identified at appraisal, which should have been finalized during the early stage of project implementation.

Project Number: 34159-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation-2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The procurement process for consultancy services and civil works was too long in spite of approval by ADB to advance corresponding action. ADB and the executing agency should have agreed on the length of the procurement process, which was already set in the ADB procurement guidelines. The delay in core team consultant procurement led to national consultants being tapped to proceed with the project and avoid delays.

Project Number: 34159-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation-2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More in-depth involvement by the borrower, executing agency, and implementing agencies in the preparation of the project design is important. The cancellation during the implementation of two subcomponents, which were essential to project sustainability, seemed too late since resources have already been committed. Agreeing to the changes should have triggered the revision of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 34159-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation-2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
All of the contractors were local, with inadequate funding, expertise, and equipment, which contributed to implementation delays. With rapid road development in Pakistan, such problems may be worsening. To promote capacity development of local and private contractors, ADB needs to strengthen the capacity-building programs, especially in the area where local construction capacity is lacking.

Project Number: 34333-013
Project Name: Balochistan Road Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation encountered land acquisition and resettlement challenges. ADB amended the Loan Agreement, which allowed construction to start on the sections where land issues had been resolved. ADB needs to make the government well aware of ADB's safeguard policy and prepare a more feasible loan agreement under future projects.

Project Number: 34333-013
Project Name: Balochistan Road Development Sector Project
Report Date: