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Lesson
Government ownership and commitment and flexibility to adjust to changes that are crucial to the successful implementation of public sector and fiscal reforms.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Although the supporting TA addressed issues related to budget preparation and execution, continued support for the entire PFMR process is needed. The expectation that the TA could achieve its outcome within 24 months was too optimistic based on capacity constraints, which should have been identified at appraisal.

Project Number: 41041-013
Project Name: Public Finance Management Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF was not well designed and had deficiencies in the measurement of performance indicators for the project impact and outcome. Target dates should have been indicated the five outputs of the project involved the implementation of three components. These should have been integrated more closely with the outputs of the DMF.

Project Number: 41041-013
Project Name: Public Finance Management Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
PFMR is multifaceted and requires sufficient time to implement. Supporting TA and project implementation should go hand in hand. The PMO was established to manage the procurement process with TA support. However, central treasury staff had to carry out both project-specific tasks and their day-to-day functions. This led to competing priorities between their own jobs and project requirements, and delays in dealing with project issues. It is essential for implementing staff to adequately apportion their time between the requirements of the project and their day-to-day activities.

Project Number: 41041-013
Project Name: Public Finance Management Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The procurement of IT systems—including hardware, software, and related communications equipment— requires the involvement of specialized personnel. However, this is not a full-time job, and on-call consultant support could have been considered for the executing agency.

Project Number: 41041-013
Project Name: Public Finance Management Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Procurement matters that delay project implementation are a serious issue. Knowledge of procurement procedures is a key aspect of most ADB funded projects and a lack of understanding of the two-stage process should have been rectified earlier. Further training should have been provided to the executing agency, especially since it had limited exposure to ADB procedures and to the prices of the goods and services to be procured under the project.

Project Number: 41041-013
Project Name: Public Finance Management Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A GAP is not required for projects classified as having no gender elements; hence, this was not needed in the loan agreement.

Project Number: 41041-013
Project Name: Public Finance Management Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A results-based loan could have been considered where disbursements would have been phased in relation to the progress of project implementation to avoid difficulties in monitoring evolving needs during and after project completion.

Project Number: 41041-013
Project Name: Public Finance Management Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The bid price for the GFMIS application and main servers should have been better estimated. The bid was 43% above the price.

Project Number: 41041-013
Project Name: Public Finance Management Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A need to define more realistic indicators that consider government commitment and capacity to undertake reforms and a timetable to achieve intended results and causal linkages between intended outcome and impact, with expected results having appropriate linkages with policy actions. Most of MPRMP’s policy actions were complied with but many of the outcome and output indicators and targets were not realized. The indicators/targets for development impact were achieved although the outcome and outputs were not met.

Project Number: 41607-013
Project Name: Mizoram Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A more proper design of the TA component and a firm-based consultancy recommended at appraisal along with a more realistic budget. DOF and SGD should have strengthened their procurement capacity prior to the TA loan and this could have been a condition for the release of the tranche 1 funds given that it was their first large ADB-fund project. Although this was recognized, it was thought that such a risk could have been mitigated through the capacity building provided under the TA loan.

Project Number: 41607-013
Project Name: Mizoram Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The complexity of the program, as measured by the number and nature of outputs (and sub-outputs) and policy actions as an important factor in the degree of difficulty in implementation (footnote 7). There may have been too many conditions, i.e., policy actions, to be complied with for the releases of tranches 2 and 3 within the context of the anticipated timeframe for the program and in view of the limited capacity within the government.

Project Number: 41607-013
Project Name: Mizoram Public Resource Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Short-duration programs should consider time lags for policy actions. A program of short timeframe should adequately reflect the time lags that usually occur in implementing policy actions. It would be difficult for a short-duration program, even with up-front delivery of vital reforms, to achieve indicators involving external debt-togross domestic product, revenue mobilization, sustainable fiscal outturn, and improvements in Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability ratings due to time lags of these actions.

Project Number: 46385-001
Project Name: Strengthening Public Financial Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Limited capacity of government staff should be considered in designing reform programs. The 34 policy actions for a crisis response operation stretched out the government’s capacity in absorbing a substantial reform agenda. Constraints to capacity were reflected in the delays in complying with the policy actions, in particular with the policy action on financial ratios, which resulted in waiver of this action.

Project Number: 43152-012
Project Name: Economic Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Reform prioritization and sequencing could lead to more durable results. A steady, step-by-step pace of reforms may be more suitable in the Tongan context, given prevailing capacity constraints. The process of implementing reforms takes time, especially for reforms that require specialized skills, such as those in PFM and those that are structural in nature; these types of reforms take time to implement and cannot be completed by a single quick-disbursing stand-alone program.

Project Number: 43152-012
Project Name: Economic Support Program
Report Date: