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Lesson
Development partners, such as the World Bank, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs, and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), have been working alongside ADB in supporting the 4Ps program that has led the Department of Social Welfare and Development to request for joint review missions.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) program did not increase the number of children fully immunized before 1 year of age or collect complete data during the impact evaluation rounds on the share of beneficiary children aged 6–14 years of age who were working. It is recommended that future support to the 4Ps program include technical assistance to support the government to identify key issues preventing immunization before 1 year of age and ensure robust M&E of children’s attendance in school and participation in work and labor activities.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring and evaluation is crucial to continually improving program design. ADB has provided valuable support to impact evaluations of the Philippines' CCT program since 2010. These have helped identify progress as well as challenges requiring attention. For example, the lack of impact on children’s immunization rates requires revisiting the health conditionalities for all CCT beneficiary children. Similarly, reported school attendance rates remain high without necessarily being affected by the program.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Enhancement of conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs) needs continuing innovation. ADB-supported innovations have also helped strengthen the Philippines’ CCT. The digitally supported Pantawid Pamilya Information System, compliance verification, and grievance redress mechanism brought the program well within reach of the beneficiaries. Additionally, ADB’s continued support to the proxy means test models used for identifying beneficiaries and impact evaluation has ensured a data-driven approach to measuring progress and informing program implementation.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Enforcement of CCT program conditionalities should be continuously reviewed and improved. Enforcement of health conditionalities under the Philippines' CCT program is hampered by low registration of new births and compounded by manual data collection procedures for compliance verification. The executing agency may need to review program conditions so that the checklist of conditions includes reporting all births and submitting data for all children in the household.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Social protection can be integrated with broader digital and financial inclusion. Strengthening social protection payment delivery systems can promote broader financial inclusion goals, allowing poor and vulnerable populations to save, borrow, and better plan consumption and investment decisions. In this way, social protection can be an effective tool not just to reduce poverty and build resilience, but also to promote economic empowerment and social inclusion. This requires expanding IT solutions, digital payment options, and financial literacy training for program beneficiaries.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Incomplete registration and compliance monitoring and unjustified ceilings on the number of eligible beneficiaries can limit the outreach and transformative potential of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs. Unde the Philippines' CCT, all target beneficiaries and children within 4Ps households should be registered and monitored.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To support an effective and sustainable exit strategy for beneficiaries, CCTs must strengthen the productive capacity of poor households. With the Philippines CCT law’s 7-year ceiling on duration of family participation,it will be important to communicate clearly with beneficiaries on their co-responsibilities and establish referral pathways.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Building systems and organizational capacity is critical to the success of social assistance programs. Moving beyond a pilot to a national CCTprogram requires establishing project management structures, robust systems for information management, accountability mechanisms, and significant human resources. Despite impressive growth, the Philippines' CCT program faced challenges as it expanded nationally.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional and legal frameworks help ensure program and funding sustainability, continuity across political regimes, adequacy and predictability of benefits, and accountability during budget processes. Importantly, these frameworks should provide sufficient flexibility to allow programs to adapt, particularly during times of crises such as COVID-19, and to improve based on socioeconomic trends. For instance,a key feature of the 4Ps law provides for a mechanism to periodically review and adjust benefit levels.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The design monitoring framework would have better tracked improvements in the quality of LSE in the target regions if it had measured the impact of the inputs, rather than only the inputs. For example, instead of counting the number of ethnic minority upper secondary education (USE) graduates who received a scholarship, the indicator could have measured the number who received scholarships and who returned to their own communities to work, which was the project's original intention.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Relevant project design. The project's target identification methodology was relevant and sophisticated. Prior to this project, ADB support to disadvantaged provinces covered all parts of 22 provinces (determined by the government), which was nearly a third of the country. In contrast, the targeted support of the project resulted in focused investment on the poorest groups.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Internal LSE subsector cooperation and coordination. Some project activities required close cooperation among stakeholders. For example, campaigns promoting the importance of LSE among disadvantaged communities in remote areas, where young children contribute to the family income through employment, required committed engagement by Ministry of Education and Training (MOET), Department of Education and Training (DOET), Bureau of Education and Training (BOET), teachers, and others, to ensure that LSE awareness campaigns reached their target audience.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity building for sustainability of project outcome and outputs. Project design strengthened the planning and management capacity of education planners and managers. This investment for the future is necessary to ensure sustainability of the project outcome and outputs over the longer term. In addition, one sub-output of the project introduced the concept of continuing professional development, to provide opportunities and support for teachers to systematically improve their knowledge and skills throughout their teaching careers.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date: